Spanair accident at Madrid
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skid marks photo
Look at this photo of the skid marks in the grass to the right of rwy 36L. Not being published before
Informativos Telecinco.com - Imgenes exclusivas de la tragedia - Galerķa de fotos
(sorry don't know how to put the image on the forum, is picture 1 of the gallery, if anyone can help on this please do so)
JM
Informativos Telecinco.com - Imgenes exclusivas de la tragedia - Galerķa de fotos
(sorry don't know how to put the image on the forum, is picture 1 of the gallery, if anyone can help on this please do so)
JM
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"Wouldn't a partially deployed or recycling thrust reverser (on one side only) explain the extra 500 meters of runway used before lifting off? If that is a plausible scenario, why was there no reverser light or warning indication on the flight deck? Apparently the crew had no notion of anything wrong with the aircraft during the take-off roll."
i am no professional pilot but:
if the right reverser would have deployed during take off run don't you think the crew would have realized that the plane drifts extremely to the right ?
i am no professional pilot but:
if the right reverser would have deployed during take off run don't you think the crew would have realized that the plane drifts extremely to the right ?
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I think the thing that would get my attention if the reverser deployed would be the light that says reverser unlocked and rev ready
they are in front of your face, and if you can see the airspeed or horizon you would see these
the stall warning is a huge sign saying "stall", a profound HORN and a stick shaker, though no pusher. it can scare the hell out of you.
does anyone know if the plane pushed back or did a power back (reversed)?
they are in front of your face, and if you can see the airspeed or horizon you would see these
the stall warning is a huge sign saying "stall", a profound HORN and a stick shaker, though no pusher. it can scare the hell out of you.
does anyone know if the plane pushed back or did a power back (reversed)?
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Spanish media speculates with the investigation concentrating in just about anything. Let's assume the plane stalled soon after leaving the ground, as the video tape and witnesses account seem to indicate.
Depending on what press you read/watch, even as today, still each claims the investigation is concentrating on one of different scenarios (pick your choice):
-Sudden engine failure. But there is no hard evidence on noises, fires, recovery procedures failing (full thrust on the other engine, etc), reliable witnesses, etc, prior to the airplane hitting the ground. Of course, it could've still happened and could be a likely cause, but shouldn't have been enough of a single cause to stall so early on and pilots not be able to recover. Also, doesn't quite fit the picture of the reportly somewhat long taxiing, etc.
-Others, on engine "lacking thrust". But surely crew felt it all seemed good enough to reach V1 and trusted it was enough to become airborne. Compressor(s) may have stalled etc, but likelihood of both engines failing to produce V2m after V1 w/o pilots being to do anything about it and no "loud" (i.e. explosion, etc) signs while still deciding to try to become airborne ...
-Others yet, on assymetrical reverser deployment. But the airplane showed no signs of difficult yaw/roll while on-ground, only shortly after it became airborne at enough height to roll both, to the left and to the right according to witnesses/survivors (pilot could probably over-recover, but still kind of unlikely) before the wing hitting the ground. Reverser seemed fully and properly deployed in at least one engine, but nobody has authoratively stated (some have, but never mentioned sources) that the second reverser was or was not deployed.
Still, having one or both reversers getting accidentally fully deployed, apparently after V1 but before V2, is a long strech. But it could've happened, of course.
Nonetheless, chances are that, once it became clear they were gonna crash, pilots probably tried to deploy them, but perhaps damage to the plane at that point or other factors (such as pilots being already injured from the first/second/third "fall" while bouncing around up to 6 times during about 500m before final explosion) made fully deploying succesfully only one of the reversers possible.
-Very few media is emphasising flaps/slats mistake or malfunction or speed/thrust gross miscalculations, coupled with alarms performance malfunction (i.e. plane thinking it was in air mode due to other sensors malfunction) or alarms de-activation (from earlier aborted T/O and/or repairs).
The likehood of this, I'll leave to each one of you to decide. How this could've happened w/o the pilots noticing on time, or the alarms failing to warn on time, or the pilots being unable to recover from stall on time, I'll also leave to each one of you to decide.
Let's remember this was likely a plane loaded on the heavy side, on lowish-density air and that it possibly did take some extra (grossly estimated) 500m than usual to become airborne and that it reportly hardly left ground-effect area with two (let's assume properly working) engines. There is some vague reporting on nearby witnesses thinking the "angle" of attack during roll was also "unusual" (i.e. either too steep or too shallow).
Many other scenarios are, of course, possible (sudden cargo imbalance, etc) or could've helped with the accident, but there is little hard evidence on just about anything other than the plane rolled and fell shortly after a T/O maneuver that looked to several witnesses (on video or survivors or external witnesses) like didn't have enough "power" to be completed successfully with no other apparent (visible or audible from the outside or the PAX inside) warnings.
Depending on what press you read/watch, even as today, still each claims the investigation is concentrating on one of different scenarios (pick your choice):
-Sudden engine failure. But there is no hard evidence on noises, fires, recovery procedures failing (full thrust on the other engine, etc), reliable witnesses, etc, prior to the airplane hitting the ground. Of course, it could've still happened and could be a likely cause, but shouldn't have been enough of a single cause to stall so early on and pilots not be able to recover. Also, doesn't quite fit the picture of the reportly somewhat long taxiing, etc.
-Others, on engine "lacking thrust". But surely crew felt it all seemed good enough to reach V1 and trusted it was enough to become airborne. Compressor(s) may have stalled etc, but likelihood of both engines failing to produce V2m after V1 w/o pilots being to do anything about it and no "loud" (i.e. explosion, etc) signs while still deciding to try to become airborne ...
-Others yet, on assymetrical reverser deployment. But the airplane showed no signs of difficult yaw/roll while on-ground, only shortly after it became airborne at enough height to roll both, to the left and to the right according to witnesses/survivors (pilot could probably over-recover, but still kind of unlikely) before the wing hitting the ground. Reverser seemed fully and properly deployed in at least one engine, but nobody has authoratively stated (some have, but never mentioned sources) that the second reverser was or was not deployed.
Still, having one or both reversers getting accidentally fully deployed, apparently after V1 but before V2, is a long strech. But it could've happened, of course.
Nonetheless, chances are that, once it became clear they were gonna crash, pilots probably tried to deploy them, but perhaps damage to the plane at that point or other factors (such as pilots being already injured from the first/second/third "fall" while bouncing around up to 6 times during about 500m before final explosion) made fully deploying succesfully only one of the reversers possible.
-Very few media is emphasising flaps/slats mistake or malfunction or speed/thrust gross miscalculations, coupled with alarms performance malfunction (i.e. plane thinking it was in air mode due to other sensors malfunction) or alarms de-activation (from earlier aborted T/O and/or repairs).
The likehood of this, I'll leave to each one of you to decide. How this could've happened w/o the pilots noticing on time, or the alarms failing to warn on time, or the pilots being unable to recover from stall on time, I'll also leave to each one of you to decide.
Let's remember this was likely a plane loaded on the heavy side, on lowish-density air and that it possibly did take some extra (grossly estimated) 500m than usual to become airborne and that it reportly hardly left ground-effect area with two (let's assume properly working) engines. There is some vague reporting on nearby witnesses thinking the "angle" of attack during roll was also "unusual" (i.e. either too steep or too shallow).
Many other scenarios are, of course, possible (sudden cargo imbalance, etc) or could've helped with the accident, but there is little hard evidence on just about anything other than the plane rolled and fell shortly after a T/O maneuver that looked to several witnesses (on video or survivors or external witnesses) like didn't have enough "power" to be completed successfully with no other apparent (visible or audible from the outside or the PAX inside) warnings.
Last edited by justme69; 26th Aug 2008 at 15:06.
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i am no professional pilot but:
if the right reverser would have deployed during take off run don't you think the crew would have realized that the plane drifts extremely to the right ?
if the right reverser would have deployed during take off run don't you think the crew would have realized that the plane drifts extremely to the right ?
YouTube - TAM 402 de 1996 com legenda - transcriēćo caixa preta + FDR
Fokkerpilot.net - TAM 402 - CVR/FDR video. A must see!
What follows is a narrative of flt. 402:
Quote:
TAM flight 402 was a regular flight between Sćo Paulo (CGH) and Rio de Janeiro (SDU). At 08:25 the flight received clearance for takeoff from runway 17R. Wind was given as 060 degrees. At 08:26:00 the throttles were advanced for takeoff power. Ten seconds later a double beep was heard. The captain said "O auto-throttle tį fora" and the copilot adjusted the throttles manually and informed the captain: "thrust check". With this information he confirmed that the take-off power had been adjusted and verified. Ar 08:26:19 the airplane accelerated through 80 kts. At 08:26:32 the copilot indicated "V one". Two seconds later the airplane rotated at a speed of 131 kts. At 08:26:36 the air/ground switch transited from "ground" "to "air". The speed was 136 kts and the airplane was climbing at an angle of 10 degrees. At that same moment a shock was felt and the EPR of engine nr. 2 dropped from 1.69 to 1.34, indicating the loss of power. In fact, the nr.2 engine thrust reverser had deployed. An eye witness confirmed to have seen at least two complete cycles of opening and closing of the nr.2 thrust reverser buckets during the flight. The loss of power on the right side caused the plane to roll to the right. The captain applied left rudder and left aileron to counteract the movement of the plane. The copilot advanced both thrust levers, but they retarted again almost immediately, causing the power of the nr.1 engine to drop to 1.328 EPR and engine nr. 2 to 1,133 EPR. Both crew members were preoccupied by the movement of the throttles and did not know that the thrust reverser on the nr.2 engine had deployed. The throttles were forced forward again. At 08:26:44 the captain ordered the autothrottle to be disengaged. One second later the nr.2 thrust lever retarted again and remained at idle for two seconds. The airspeed fell to 126 kts. At 08:26:48 the copilot announced that he had disengaged the autothrottles. He then jammed the nr. 2 thrust lever fully forward again. Both engines now reached 1,724 EPR. With the thrust reverser deployed, the airspeed declined at 2kts per second. At 08:26:55 the stick shaker activated, warning of an impeding stall. The airplane rolled to a 39 degree bank angle and the GPWS activated: "Don't sink!". Seven secons later the airplane impacted building and crashed into a heavily populated neighborhood."
Unquote
And this is the source:
ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 PT-MRK Sćo Paulo, SP
Apparently there was no drift to the right until the aircraft became airborne. And please notice the flight control inputs in the simulation (based on CVR and FDR data) in an attempt to compensate for the yaw to the right. There are procedures in place on the Fo100 in case of a thrust reverser unlock situation, which can be managed if a reverser unlock light is presented. This crew (TAM 402) unfortunately did not receive any indications and were fighting the engaged AT before finally disengaging it. By then it was too late. Perhaps this crew never realized they were fighting a deployed #2 reverser because until the very end the copilot jammed the #2 thrust lever fully forward. . . . . .
Again, there is as yet no conclusive evidence this scenario fits the Spanair MD82, but it cannot be ruled out either until the facts are known.
Regards,
Green-dot
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Let's not jump to conclusions if one of the T/R was deployed. The possibility exists that the crew deployed it after ground contact in an attempt to slow the a/c.
Several have mentioned about slow acceleration or apparent lack of power. Rananim is correct, hvy a/c, hot temps, optimum flap setting w/flex takeoff power can have completely different sense of acceleration vs. a lighter a/c taking off in cooler temps from a lower altitude.
Several have mentioned about slow acceleration or apparent lack of power. Rananim is correct, hvy a/c, hot temps, optimum flap setting w/flex takeoff power can have completely different sense of acceleration vs. a lighter a/c taking off in cooler temps from a lower altitude.
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Looking at the skid marks........
that unidentified mark starting in a position just outboard of the outboard of main wheel #4 is about the position a bucket would be at. It's incredible to see how it goes straight while the aircraft veers.
That combined with the fact that given the lack of scorched earth and the horror of watching that picture, together with the "damned" ravine makes me think how "relatively" better the outcome could have been for those involved. My heart just sinks and my insides churn at imagining how they had a chance..........unfortunately until that embankment reared it's ugly head. I feel so sad.........
Xander
that unidentified mark starting in a position just outboard of the outboard of main wheel #4 is about the position a bucket would be at. It's incredible to see how it goes straight while the aircraft veers.
That combined with the fact that given the lack of scorched earth and the horror of watching that picture, together with the "damned" ravine makes me think how "relatively" better the outcome could have been for those involved. My heart just sinks and my insides churn at imagining how they had a chance..........unfortunately until that embankment reared it's ugly head. I feel so sad.........
Xander
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two things we all have to agree upon:
low density air isn't what pilots say, we say high density altitude. that is the plane is performing as if it is taking off from a higher elevation.
2. thrust reversers, if the plane hit the ground and the pilot was holding on for dear life, he might have pulled the thrust reverser lever by accident.
what position was the landing gear in?
low density air isn't what pilots say, we say high density altitude. that is the plane is performing as if it is taking off from a higher elevation.
2. thrust reversers, if the plane hit the ground and the pilot was holding on for dear life, he might have pulled the thrust reverser lever by accident.
what position was the landing gear in?
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Regardless of all the operational and mechanical considerations, A340's posted link to the skid-marks gives us the completely definitive immediate cause of the disaster: the plunge into the ravine. The plane was on the main gear and given a longer flat overrun area it would presumably have come to a stop unharmed, with the proviso that we don't yet know if the right wing had touched the ground, and leaked fuel which caught fire before they went over the edge.
The area between the two runways should have been flattened and filled in and all overrun areas be kept clear as far as possible. If it is sensible for overrun areas to be longer, or at least for arrestor beds to be installed, then it must also be true of the areas to the side of the runways.
The area between the runways does nothing, has no purpose. It is entirely dead ground. The only thing it can do is destroy an aircraft that otherwise might survive veering off the runway. The terrain also prevents emergency vehicles reaching the scene. It is possible although we cannot know yet for sure -- that more lives could have been saved if the tenders and the ambulances had been able to drive right up to the wreckage.
But thats not the whole story. If you look at the Google earth pix you can see that the stream in the gully where the plane crashed has been channeled in a ditch around the end of 36L. Had they overrun in line with the take-off direction they aircraft would have been broken up by the river channel there, instead of in the ravine by the side of the runway. Just like the A340 at Toronto, MK 747 at Halifax, Kalitta 747 at Brussels, A320 at Warsaw, A320 at Cogonhas the list goes on and on and on.
The area between the two runways should have been flattened and filled in and all overrun areas be kept clear as far as possible. If it is sensible for overrun areas to be longer, or at least for arrestor beds to be installed, then it must also be true of the areas to the side of the runways.
The area between the runways does nothing, has no purpose. It is entirely dead ground. The only thing it can do is destroy an aircraft that otherwise might survive veering off the runway. The terrain also prevents emergency vehicles reaching the scene. It is possible although we cannot know yet for sure -- that more lives could have been saved if the tenders and the ambulances had been able to drive right up to the wreckage.
But thats not the whole story. If you look at the Google earth pix you can see that the stream in the gully where the plane crashed has been channeled in a ditch around the end of 36L. Had they overrun in line with the take-off direction they aircraft would have been broken up by the river channel there, instead of in the ravine by the side of the runway. Just like the A340 at Toronto, MK 747 at Halifax, Kalitta 747 at Brussels, A320 at Warsaw, A320 at Cogonhas the list goes on and on and on.
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The area between the two runways should have been flattened and filled in and all overrun areas be kept clear as far as possible. If it is sensible for overrun areas to be longer, or at least for arrestor beds to be installed, then it must also be true of the areas to the side of the runways
Oh - and I presume whatever number you conjour up, we will have to clear all taxiways out that far as well - since a taxiing aircraft there would have caused the same result...
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The image above showing wheel marks alongside a runway cannot relate to the subject Spanair accident, not least because this is definitely not the same runway that was involved.
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I noticed that someone was talking about a "takeoff stall" recovery and said the call was "MAX THRUST"...we say "FIREWALL POWER" and or FIREWALL THRUST...SELECTING FLAPS 15...but if you already have flaps 15, that is just a confirmation . There is a difference between max and firewall in our lexicon.
'Firewall Thust' on older non-Fadec engines would have you push the throttles all the way up, possibly overboosting, overspeeding or overtemping the engines in an effort to save the aircraft. In newer engines pushing the throttles all the way to the stop gives you the maximum with appropriate limits so Firewall Thrust is the same as Max Thrust for a lot of us.
Sometimes you will have to do something to cancel a derate if you want Max Thrust after the throttles have declutched on the take off roll. The DC's I flew had human autothrottle so I'm not familiar with those new fangled twin engine DC models.
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dba61
Are you serious? Please explain. 
The image above showing wheel marks alongside a runway cannot relate to the subject Spanair accident, not least because this is definitely not the same runway that was involved.
A detail from the above photo of the ground-track:
dba61 - The photo is from a series of 33 (quite poor) photos as per the link above. If it's not the same runway, could you please elaborate so these photos can be withdrawn if necessary? Tx.
dba61 - The photo is from a series of 33 (quite poor) photos as per the link above. If it's not the same runway, could you please elaborate so these photos can be withdrawn if necessary? Tx.
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dba51
Looks pretty like 36L to me ?
The image above showing wheel marks alongside a runway cannot relate to the subject Spanair accident, not least because this is definitely not the same runway that was involved.
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"Looks pretty like 36L to me ?"
NigelOnDraft
Are you saying that you personally recognise the area seen in the background of this photo (which is not T4, which would be further down at the far end of the runway to the left of the photo) comprising various airport buildings, aircraft and a town immediately behind up to the horizon?
NigelOnDraft
Are you saying that you personally recognise the area seen in the background of this photo (which is not T4, which would be further down at the far end of the runway to the left of the photo) comprising various airport buildings, aircraft and a town immediately behind up to the horizon?
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All previous info indicated that the plane ended up in a ravine and there were some trees which it hit before going down there (as indicated by the ramp onlooker) but on this photo the tire tracks end up at some sort of an embankment. Does not quite match up huh?
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dba61. You made a statement-
The image above showing wheel marks alongside a runway cannot relate to the subject Spanair accident, not least because this is definitely not the same runway that was involved.
Rather than quiz Nigel on Draft on what he may recognise at Madrid would you be kind enough to explain yourself? Thank you.
xolodenko, The 'embankment' is the edge of a ravine - which goes downwards.
The image above showing wheel marks alongside a runway cannot relate to the subject Spanair accident, not least because this is definitely not the same runway that was involved.
Rather than quiz Nigel on Draft on what he may recognise at Madrid would you be kind enough to explain yourself? Thank you.
xolodenko, The 'embankment' is the edge of a ravine - which goes downwards.