This job is mostly about getting along with the other guy. You wouldn't be there if you didn't have the ability. It is possible that both of you were safety-wired to the pissed-off position for what ever reason. Learn from the experience. You are the only one who clearly understands what happened, and you have to be honest with yourself in thinking deeply about what could have been done differently on your part. You cannot change the way the Captain thinks, but you can be the best F/O in your operation by being able to work with any type of Captain. If he doesn't feel threatened by you, he will naturally consult you for you points of view.
Solve the problem at the lowest possible level....that might be the best way.