Ok, another question I've wondered about for a while!
Reading the accident reports in Flyer and Today's Pilot, and reading on the web, I've often noticed accidents which seem to have been avoidable, or at least given the pilot a better chance, if they had of asked for help earlier. Instead they often seem to leave asking for help, and God forbid, declaring an emergency, until the last possible moment.
I've been wondering is this due to some form of investigation or paperwork that goes on afterwards?
Lets look at the following situations.
1. No failure of the pilot or aircraft. eg. an unforcast deteriation of weather. Or a runway blocking incident at both the destination and the alternative aerodrome, leaving just enough fuel to make another aerdrome. However plane lands safely, and there is no injury or damage
2. There was poor planning on behalf of the pilot. eg. took off without proper checking of weater forecast, and there was a deteriation below vfr, or poor fuel planning. However plane lands safely, and there is no injury or damage.
3. There is a mechanical problem, but not a catastrophic problem. eg. rough running engine, or some damage to a control surface. However the plane lands safely, and there is no injury or damage.
4. The is a major problem, such as a total engine failure. However the plane lands safely, and there is no injury or damage.
5. An inflight emergency of some kind happened, and was declared. The plane lands, but there is some sort of jury/damage.
In all of these situations I'm assuming the pilot does declare an emergency. Given that, then what paper work or investigation arises from declaring that emergency?
Thanks for any info. Always looking to expand my knowledge!
Regards,
dp
Edited to make the question more obvious! 
Edited to clarify case 5