Transport Canada Advisory Circular (AC) No. 700-016 distinguishes between them:
15.2 Go-Around, Missed Approach, Rejected Landing, Balked Landing
For the purposes of this AC, a distinction needs to be made between a go-around, missed approach, a rejected landing and a balked landing.
Go-Around: A transition from an approach to a stabilized climb.
Missed Approach: The flight path followed by an aircraft after discontinuation of an approach procedure and initiation of a go-around. Typically a “missed approach” follows a published missed approach segment of an instrument approach procedure, or follows radar vectors to a missed approach point, return to landing, or diversion to an alternate.
Rejected Landing: A discontinued landing attempt. A rejected landing typically is initiated at low altitude but prior to touchdown. If from or following an instrument approach it typically is considered to be initiated below DA(H) or MDA(H). A rejected landing may be initiated in either VMC or (Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). A rejected landing typically leads to or results in a “go around” and if following an instrument approach, a “Missed Approach”. If related to the consideration of aircraft configuration(s) or performance it is sometimes referred to as a “Balked Landing”.
Balked Landing: A discontinued landing attempt. The term is often used in conjunction with aircraft configuration or performance assessment, as in “Balked landing climb gradient. Also see “Rejected Landing.”
A one-engine-inoperative missed approach from the MDA, DA or DH or above can normally be flown by following the published missed approach procedure. This however may not be possible under some performance limiting conditions, such as the cases provided in Section 15.1(4) of this AC.
A rejected or balked landing may require some other procedure (e.g., following the same EODP as used for take-off). In any case, the pilot should be advised of the appropriate course of action when the published missed approach procedure cannot be safely executed.