ANYONE can fly IFR outside CAS ( and often inside CAS), but if you do not have the right qualifications you cannot do so in IMC
Not true. FCL.600 holds the correct answer:
Except as provided in FCL.825*, operations under IFR on an aeroplane, helicopter, airship or powered-lift aircraft shall only be conducted by holders of a PPL, CPL, MPL and ATPL with an IR appropriate to the category of aircraft or when undergoing skill testing or dual instruction
No mention of flight conditions so it applies in both IMC and VMC.
*FCL.825 relates to the EIR