It can and it can't...
I know of a guy who was involved with the BA 747 that flew into the volcanic ash cloud that stopped all the engines. (Fortunately, they got 3 of them restarted).
He did the fear of flying course with Qantas twice. He took flying lessons and he was fine in any aircraft type except a B747. The irony being that it was the very fact that it was a B747 that meant he survived that accident.
Sadly, he was to fly to Melbourne from Sydney after his second FoF course. It was a B747, he got on but just before doors close, he bolted.
So yes, grabbing some lessons in a light aircraft will give you an understanding of flight and the various forces on it, but if there's a specific problem, it may not fix it.