Richard - there are no multiple scenarios to post.. .. .All I was saying (Give Peace A Chance??....No!!)...was that candidate has to pass written exam for R/T (as well as Air Law and Human Remains) but not, necessarily, the R/T practical test.. .. .I also remember reading - on the CAA site - that an ICAO PPL with less than 100 hours can convert to JAA PPL if they pass ALL SEVEN writtens and a skill test.. .. .So brand new FAA PPL is O.K.!! However, "Temporary Airmans Certificate" is not valid for JAA licence application - it has to be the real thing (which, as an aside, is issued much quicker now than it was last year).