The problem is the Russian instruments they were trained on
before transitioning to western cockpits. See
Prior thread
Psychologically there is a difference between training and conditioning. Under stress, a person often falls back on what they are conditioned to do and not what they have been trained to do. Do reading, for example, on the topic of learned helplessness.
Whether this truth is enough in a specific situation for a pilot to misread the instruments is difficult to forecast. It depends on the strength on the underlying conditioning, the strength of the training, the passage of time, the level of stress etc. It is not the type of data that shows up on the FDR and it is improbable that any hint of it shows up on the CVR.
So is this type of concern a theoretical possibility? Yes. Is it probable? I have no idea. My own initial opinion is that an illusion is more probable. Perhaps the CVR, if found intact, will shed more light on the topic.