Since the introduction of the 406 mhz ELT , the system works exclusively by satellite . The info being relayed automatically to the appropriate MCC ( mission Control Center ) which then informs the local ATC / Authorities with all the required informations .
The list of MCC : AEMCC United Arab Emirates
ALMCC Algiers, Algeria
ARMCC El Palomar, Argentina
ASMCC Cape Town, South Africa
AUMCC Canberra, Australia
BRMCC Brasilia, Brazil
CHMCC Santiago, Chile
CMC Moscow, Russia
CMCC Trenton, Canada
CNMCC Beijing, P. R. of China
FMCC Toulouse, France
GRMCC Athens, Greece
HKMCC Hong Kong, China
IDMCC Jakarta, Indonesia
INMCC Bangalore, India
ITMCC Bari, Italy
JAMCC Tokyo, Japan
KOMCC Incheon, Rep. of Korea
NIMCC Abuja, Nigeria
NMCC Bodoe, Norway
PAMCC Karachi, Pakistan
PEMCC Callao, Peru
SAMCC Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
SIMCC Singapore, Singapore
SPMCC Maspalomas, Spain
TAMCC Taipei, ITDC
THMCC Bangkok, Thailand
TRMCC Ankara, Turkey
UKMCC Kinloss, UK
USMCC Suitland, USA
VNMCC Haiphong, Vietnam
They basically cover the entire surface of the globe , including the poles .
Nothing to do with Local/National infrastructures anymore .