OK first of all there's nowt wrong with learning the military way. I prefer the 'initial' join, and firmly believe that it should be taught everywhere (although an overhead join is similar, just at a higher alt and descending deadside), and its possibly safer. Now I'll wait for the incoming....!
I dont know about FTOs, but civvy clubs do teach 'steep turns', bearing in mind a C150/152 wont get much more than 60 deg AoB whilst level. C172/PA28 can easily make 60 deg level turn, any further and it's comparable to the 150s. With a controlled semi spiral dive it's possible to hit the 90 deg mark in both, ane a brave man might try. G115s can do it and do it reasonably well; I've seen the operational chaps do their stuff very well indeed.
Not sure what you mean by an 'emergency break'? An unanticipated steep turn to avoid traffic would be taken from the steep turn lesson.