"Googling" the names will generally lead to identification of the program the process belongs to.
Some of the programs you might actually want to run at start...antivirus, firewall etc. Many of them (Skype, or Adobe, for example) you may wish to disable from starting, unless they pertain to the main reason you have a computer running.
Those that you wish to disable are best done (1) through each individual program interface, where such an option is available (program concerned>tools>options is usually the way to find these.)
Some run as a service. These are better disabled via the run box, and "services.msc" (without the quotes), and setting the start type in that window to "manual".
Slightly off topic, but I agree with uninstalling Sygate firewall. Nothing wrong with it, as far as I know, but Windows firewall is generally adequate, in combination with a good AV, and prompting for the running of any scripts in the browser.
If you would like any help with a particular process, feel free to ask.