Just because a country is a member state of ICAO does not mean that all of its licences are ICAO-compliant (i.e. issued in accordance with ICAO Annex 1). Apart from the obvious examples (UK NPPL, French Brevet de Base, US Recreational Pilot Certificate, EASA LAPL), the Australian ATPL(H) is not issued in accordance with ICAO Annex 1. However, as Australia has filed a formal difference, everyone else seems to accept it. By the same token, a licence issued by a non-ICAO state might well be ICAO compliant.