A wider view of CRM might describe it as the application of human factors.
The human factors to be ‘applied’ are shown in the SHEL diagram, or better ‘SHELL’, with the emphasis on the central (L) – self - cognitive aspects.
Many CRM programs restrict teaching to the L - L link (social aspects) and overlook the importance of managing the other HF interfaces and resources.
Application of airmanship can be considered as an indication of the quality of management.
“Airmanship is a personal attitude to flying, why we do it, how we do it. Airmanship must grow with training, experience, and personal exposure. It is not just about staying alive or not bending the airplane or yourself, it is about walking off the airfield knowing that you have both performed and crafted an activity. You have been totally aware of what you have done and why you enjoyed it, and at that point you owe nothing to anyone.”
Tony Hayes, CFI Brisbane Valley Leisure Aviation Centre.