There's no generic answer for this because design details in the transmission and power assembly dictate the load path. Most transmissions use flexible and rigid couplings where excess torque will displace or distort the disks in the coupling pack or the fasteners holding the coupling to the drive shaft which may give a visual indication of damage.
But make no mistake, over torque checks are for qualified engineers using the approved maintenance documents. As a pilot, your only indication is the torque indicating system and if that is ever exceeded, it must be reported to a maintenance person.
Your question is hopefully hypothetical, but the acid test of a professional pilot is reporting all and any damage they may have caused before it kills the next occupant.