1 and 2 are for the sake of things, TRAINING. At no point during your TR are the airlines making any real money out of you. There are no pax behind you, no revenue etc.
If we think in that way, also paying for a line training is itself a training. Airliners offer you an opportunity to train yourself on how to get experience . An experience you might be unable to make for different reasons in another way.
Training = it's correct to pay, it's not clear. Everything could fall under the training shadow.