Taper Roller bearings can take axial as well as radial loads, they have the bearing surfaces at approximately 45 degrees to each other with rollers in between.
Ball or plain bearings can also be designed to work in the axial plane. Instead of the two bearing surfaces being inside one another like two sections of tube, they oppose one another like a record player turntable (or bicycle wheel) bearing.
If you can't remember record players (Gosh, I'm so old) try imagining two CDs placed on on top of another. The type of bearing to allow them to rotate against each other would be the same type as that required in an engine as a thrust bearing.
Over the years they have all been tried!