Hi DFC:
You by any chance related to WWW?
It is obvious by your post you lack a clear understanding of the subject. You cannot be failed on an instrument flight test for the malfunctioning of any aid to navigation.
There are many reasons that an ADF needle will give eroneous indications and a pilot must understand the limitations of the system he/she are using. The ADF is an aid for non precision approaches and a rough guide to desired track when navigating.
Only the ignorant will believe that + or - 5 degrees is a guaranteed error limitation when using the ADF.
Next time I am flying in your exclusive airspace would I have to advise airtraffic control to allow for Chuck's tracking so I don't get lost?
As to celestial navigation go to
www.ebushpilot.com and under your stories you will find one called Arcturus missing hours and fate.
Read that story then come on back and tell me about celestial nav.
Oh can you answer question no. one that I asked WWW?
You have a good day now.......
.........................
The hardest thing about flying is knowing when to say no.