Off the top of my head (and I am sure someone will correct me if I am wrong)
1. As required to intercept within 5nm.
2. Left turn to intercept track
3. 500ft
4. Initial climb to circling minima is protected by the runway splay which goes out a certain number of degrees either side of extended rwy centreline, and at a certain gradient out to a certain number of miles (actually feet). All listed in the RDS section of ERSA and depends on the category of runway used.