I am an ATCO and not qualified to make any technical point but surely, any captain who is going to react badly to being questioned by his FO, or even makes his FO feel uncomfortable about doing that, should not be a captain.
I think back to Tenerife all those years ago. If I remember correctly, the first officer felt that having questioned his captain once he couldn't do it a second time. Without wishing to be judgemental in any way... that he felt this way is an indication of the captain's human failing. But there but for the grace of the Almighty go I.
I was once in the cockpit of an American Airlines MD11 during take of out of LHR going to KORD. During his briefing the captain said "if anybody sees anything they don't like, they call 'Stop'." And turning to me he said "And that includes you". I felt humbled by his CRM. I feel that all captains need to be capable of the same.
Point 4