It still astounds me that this kind of misunderstanding can still happen in a world of CRM / LOFT / multi crew training.....(to differing degrees at differeing companies all be it). I say misunderstanding because obviously what the flying pilot was thnking was not what the non flying pilot was.
Touch'n'oops, was there a thorough and detailed approach breifing prior to descent? If there was and the Capt still acted as you say then this is a sorry state of affairs. If there wasn't then there was an initial breakdown in basic multi crew ops, let alone CRM, etc.
I have had, as an FO and Capt, instances where the friendly crew member just said "You're happy with XXX approach?" to which I've agreed with. He / she thought that was all I needed and was almost offended when I requested a full briefing of the approach chart, levels, speeds, configuration.... You are entering the most critical phase of flight and cannot be taken lightly.
If either pilot then strays from the briefing given both crew members know it and recognise it. From there I find there is less "tension" when questioning something in the approach. The first piece of "swiss cheese" has already occured if the initial briefing did not occur properly.
On a similar note, it infuritaes me when another crew member knowingly breaks SOPs and puts me in the position to have to mention it, and then gets the sh$ts. On that note I've also learnt that the way something is said can get differing reactions due differing pilots and personalities.
All in all it's an uncomfortable position you were put in, but as others have stated, your ego or that of the Capt's is not worth comprimising the full safety of the pasengers you are carrying. I hope you get a good result from the unfortunate experince down the track.....