Steve: You have to remember that not all students or low-time pilots are as professional, capable and competent as you are.. .In the real world where the civilian PPLs live, you must accept that they will not always be as current, as razor-sharp and as compos mentis as they might be.. .For them, staying alive is primarily a matter of risk avoidance. The student who is taught the proper management of his carb heat is safer than the student who executes a perfect autorotational landing after a carb ice induced engine failure. The PPL who pulls off a great landing with an empty tank is less of a pilot than the PPL who never, never lands with less than half an hour's fuel. Those are the two primary reasons for emergencies (piston-engine) in the real world.. .If they ever have to autorotate for real (once in every 10,000 hours?) they should forget all the backwards 360 into a jungle clearing stuff and concentrate on recognising the problem (your five-year-old's perspicacity notwithstanding) reacting to it instantly, and walking away from the wreckage.. . . . <small>[ 26 March 2002, 08:11: Message edited by: t'aint natural ]</small>