The level of physics pilots are equipped with from training usually stops at the diagram below. Better diagrams include lines of gust values from which you can read the G-load at different airspeeds. Whether the average line pilot these days can even explain what this is, I am not so sure... The FCOM or QRH has a list of
turbulence penetration speed, hopefully they'll have that memorized at least. As a last resort the Airbus engineers put a load factor limit in the side stick
Except for engine failures, the rudder is simply not being used in training or line flying these days. The yaw damper does a fantastic job. The only time I'd hoped to see a bit more rudder activity is during crosswind landings, but not even then people seem bothered anymore...
