I'm confused about the dam. Several posters here have stated that it was an earth dam that eroded from an over filled reservoir, but the section that collapsed was not earthen. From the New York Times today:
Experts cautioned that the available evidence was very limited, but they said that an internal explosion was the likeliest explanation for the destruction of the dam, a massive structure of steel-reinforced concrete that was completed in 1956. And local residents reported on social media that they heard a huge explosion around the time the dam was breached, at 2:50 a.m.
If the structure that failed was concrete it's obvious it was destroyed by the Russians with an internal explosion.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/06/w...er_new_arm_5_1