'… surprised by a tactic he never expected before… '
Would AI think of firing an out-of-envelope 'Winder' (Phantom), or jettison the drag chute (Vulcan), or a low fast runout and drop a 1000 lb retard (Buccaneer); the tactics may not win the fight, but surprise and distraction (in AI terms - not programmed for) could switch focus from attack to defence - advantage to the defender.
'This simulation was the equivalent of combat and the human pilot was unprepared for it. … the training fails to reflect reality … '
Capt Kirk, Star Trek, Kobayashi Maru simulation; no win situation, training objective to assess human reaction under stress, probable death.
Kirk hacks the simulator, everyone survives. Crew fails the training course, didn't follow the rules; but they would win the war.
He who sees first wins - with AI becomes a battle of sensors, how to blind AI. He who understands first … AI lacks context.