Hi,
my name is Radim and I am student in Czech Republic. I am writing master thesis on Electric or hybrid aircraft contingency fuel required. I could not find anywhere why contingency fuel planning is as it is

(5% / 3%, 30 min at 1500 ft, 45 min normal flight with piston .......)
Do you know on what basis ICAO decided for that exact percentage or time.
Thank you.