Hmm interesting. I remember the last post. But in specific answer to your question:
I was lucky enough to get over 100hrs in an Air Squadron in my uni days. Obviously I only flew with mil instructors, on wobbly prop a/c. But the CAA accepted all my logged hours and they add up to my total time.
So, in situation (a) if you & your mil instructor agree you are receiving training, one could clearly argue you could put the time down as p u/t.