lt won`t be breakfast reading l guess but ........

there is sooo much I wish I didnt know about....

go on go on ....

would you like a cup of tea ?

I think there is something in what you said Shabez, about geocentric and geodesic you mentioned in your first post.. :hmm:

I m not an expert but I think I ve got some ideas..

First the Geodesic.
I dont really like abstract thinking so i thought visualising is maybe the best way to answer this kind of questions..


http://www.movable-type.co.uk/script...c-latitude.png

In the picture above we se the geodesic system we are currently using to find our coordinates around the earth (the flattened by 0.3% oblate ellipsoid).. If we simply look att the 60 deg angle, we know that from that point and ''straight'' down to the equator fitts 60x60 Nautical miles so that only leaves us with 30x60 NM from that point up to the pole.. which in this picture (kind of exaggerated) seems to be a much longer distance.. I think this clearly answers your question Shabez!!


The other picture is a mix of Geocentric and Geodesic.



http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikiped...f-latitude.png


The geocentric angle is ψ and the geodesic angle is φ. Its kind of interesting i think to see that the geocentric system has an opposite effect. The angle ψ seems to be something like 45deg (appr) and if you look carefully you can se that the distance from that point to the equator is longer than to the pole. (I could clearly see that when I drew an ellipse with increased ecentricity)..


So my conclusion..
Geodesic system: Longer NM close to the poles
Geocentric system: Longer NM close to the equator

Please reflect to these and post your thoughts , because as i said im not an expert in these matters!! ;)

regards
Jetpipe.

Jetpipe:

The numerical value used for a nautical mile for critical procedure design is the value used, regardless of theory about the shape of the Earth.

And, the distances involved are small from a global (bad pun) standpoint.

I am not sure where or why this thread is trying to illustrate.

Currently, I use the model expressed in the FMS..."right" or "wrong", that is what the aircraft is using. The FAA can come up with calcs to 12 sig digits, but if the FMS disco's...well....

While the FAA's calcs work in a straight line, the calcs do not work in a curve...(ie TARGETS busts)

Ah!...........sweet memories, had to go to the aircrew shop in Düsseldorf to get mine, I was based in Germany at the time, Verden to be precise.

Made Avigation correspondence course and the exams a lot easier just by having that cursor on the front. Still got mine some forty six years later!

(6080 will do for me, the difference is less than the thickness of a Navigators pencil!).

Yep I only got as far as the oblate spheriod, which the ATPL
Nav lecturer described as what a 2yo would produce if you
gave him a lump of plasticine and asked him to roll it into a
nice smooth ball.

I'm a product of the 6,080ft generation but was changed to
6076.11ft when I went P-RNAV.

looks like a nautical mile to me.

The OP was trying to understand why, even though the radius of the Earth is smaller at the poles, one minute of arc along a meridian is longer. I believe very early on it was explained that the length of arc is dependent on the radius of curvature and not the radius of the Earth. The use of the term "nautical mile" has caused much of the following discussion.

The "international nautical mile" was fixed at 1852m many years ago. But even after that both the US and the British continued with their own defintions. Prior to that there were many definitions, all based on countries own navigation needs, and the datums they had adopted for charting. But all were based on an approximation of one minute of arc of a meridian. The basis for this measurement is based on charting. If you travel due north and gained one minute of latitude in one hour, then you had travelled one nautical mile.

Now we have a fixed definition of the "internation nautical mile" we have to work back the other way. To ignore the shape of the Earth is to accept an error in any co-ordinates calculated. After all the international definition is only an "average" value. To work out the change in latitude we need to know how it changes with latitiude. This may not be relevant for local area work. But the cumulative error on a navigation system can be quite large if not taken into account. It is also necessary to take this effect into account when locating items based on radar, if you wish to use any for of co-ordinate system other than one based on a range and bearing from yourself.

Ultimately there are many definitions of a "mile" all of which are convenient for their own calculations, including geographic mile, tactical mile, statute mile, and the list goes on.

As for using an FMS, someone has already (hopefully) calculated all these variations.

Oblate is a start l suppose.

Tidal effect is getting nearer the mark.

l am curious about what a single gps would log over the same journey twice.

Oooo my 'ead 'urts! :uhoh: I wish I hadn't started reading this thread, but I simply couldn't stop myself. :ugh: My late dad was a navigator, by all accounts a very good one and he would have loved this thread.

I have always been comfortable teaching my Scouts how Latitude and Longitude work and how a nautical mile is a mathematical subdivision of a circle the diameter of the Earth and so on. This all leads naturally enough to the various grid systems in use, down to the beloved Ordnance Survey grid, which I am trying to teach them to understand and use.

But now I've read this thread and I find I am going to have to lie to my Scouts, because there is no way I'm going to explain this! :eek:

Nevertheless, even though my brains are now mush and I'm not sure whether to trust my hand held GPS any more, thanks to everyone who contributed to a very interesting thread and the links to pages of mind boggling information. :)

Roger.

the new precisely aligned Slasher
 

Maaaate,

Since when did you get hung up by an error of 0.64021224105554...%?

Stay Alive,

According to the old song, " from Lizard to Ushant is thirty five leagues". Just work backwards from that.