take-off distances
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take-off distances
I need enlightening over the definitions and differences between TODR,TORR,TODA,TORA for my ATPL Performance exam. The text that I am using contains conflicting information.
Any help gratefully received.
Any help gratefully received.
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IMHO, try reading book called Aircraft Performance Theory for Pilots by P J Swatton, an instructor on the subject at good old PPSC. He puts all the technical stuff into pilot's language without over-simplification. Hope it helps.
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Sorry Lumpy, I should have added that the book is published by Blackwell Science,ISBN No. 0-632-05569-3. Website www.blackwell-science.com
TORA: The distance available for rolling your wheels along the surface during the take-off run.
TORR: The distance required to roll your wheels along the surface during the take-off run - or you roll of the end of the runway before getting airborne.
TODA: The distance available for rolling your wheels along the runway surface during the take-off run and and then climb to a specified height (eg 50') above the runway the surface.
TODR: The distance required to roll your wheels along the runway surface during the take-off run and and then climb to a specified height (eg 50') above the runway the surface.
TORR: The distance required to roll your wheels along the surface during the take-off run - or you roll of the end of the runway before getting airborne.
TODA: The distance available for rolling your wheels along the runway surface during the take-off run and and then climb to a specified height (eg 50') above the runway the surface.
TODR: The distance required to roll your wheels along the runway surface during the take-off run and and then climb to a specified height (eg 50') above the runway the surface.
Just to clarify what Tinny has so ably explained -
We need also to consider ASDA (Accelerate-Stop Distance Available).
TORA is the basis - the hard stuff your a/c can roll on with no restriction.
ASDA is TORA plus stopway (stuff your a/c can roll on during a RTO) The excess past TORA (stopway) may well be damaged by the a/c, but is used only in emergency.
TODA is not necessarily all stuff your a/c can roll on. TODA often exceeds TORA - it cannot be less. It includes stopway and may include clearway (an obstacle free plane over which an a/c may fly while making screen height). Clearway is often water.
We need also to consider ASDA (Accelerate-Stop Distance Available).
TORA is the basis - the hard stuff your a/c can roll on with no restriction.
ASDA is TORA plus stopway (stuff your a/c can roll on during a RTO) The excess past TORA (stopway) may well be damaged by the a/c, but is used only in emergency.
TODA is not necessarily all stuff your a/c can roll on. TODA often exceeds TORA - it cannot be less. It includes stopway and may include clearway (an obstacle free plane over which an a/c may fly while making screen height). Clearway is often water.
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An additional point to clarify ...
TORR includes a portion of the airborne distance to 35 ft .. either one half or one third depending on the rule set. This ensures that there is a margin to protect against the aircraft's running past the end of the declared distance available.
TORR includes a portion of the airborne distance to 35 ft .. either one half or one third depending on the rule set. This ensures that there is a margin to protect against the aircraft's running past the end of the declared distance available.
