Risk of flying close to MMO
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Risk of flying close to MMO
Hi there,
As per the below:
Overspeed Avoidance during Descent
Manual Flight at Crossover Altitude
When in descent close to MMO, if in manual flight (AP off), the risk of exceedance of the VMO at the crossover altitude is high. In this situation, the flight crew should know its crossover altitude and anticipate the switch to speed by reducing the aircraft pitch on approaching the crossover altitude.
Why is there a risk when MMO switches over to VMO if the pilot is flying at close to MMO? Can someone explain?
Thanks
As per the below:
Overspeed Avoidance during Descent
Manual Flight at Crossover Altitude
When in descent close to MMO, if in manual flight (AP off), the risk of exceedance of the VMO at the crossover altitude is high. In this situation, the flight crew should know its crossover altitude and anticipate the switch to speed by reducing the aircraft pitch on approaching the crossover altitude.
Why is there a risk when MMO switches over to VMO if the pilot is flying at close to MMO? Can someone explain?
Thanks
Because if you’re flying a constant Mach in descent, your IAS will be increasing as density increases. Your pitch attitude will be lower than that if you were flying a constant IAS, so if you are close/at Mmo at changeover, the tendency will still be to accelerate, possibly through Vmo if you’re not watching it carefully.
If you look at the flight envelope for a typical airliner, you will find a point around 28-29,000’ where Vmo and Mmo coincide. If you are climbing at a constant IAS, you will exceed Mmo eventually, in the same way the if you fly a constant Mach in the descent you will exceed Vmo on the way down.
If you look at the flight envelope for a typical airliner, you will find a point around 28-29,000’ where Vmo and Mmo coincide. If you are climbing at a constant IAS, you will exceed Mmo eventually, in the same way the if you fly a constant Mach in the descent you will exceed Vmo on the way down.
Last edited by FullWings; 16th Jun 2021 at 07:53.
At a constant Mach, in a descent the airspeed will be increasing. If you hold that Mach you will eventually reach Vmo (and wake the Captain up) - so when you reach an airspeed you're happy with for the descent, you pitch UP to maintain it. Now you're descending with a constant airspeed and decreasing Mach.
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May I suggest this reading for the topic, might contain some other useful info on flying close to MMO
High-altitude manual flying | Safety First (airbus.com)
High-altitude manual flying | Safety First (airbus.com)
Only half a speed-brake
The manual quoted by the OP is poorly written, the message they're trying to get across is obfuscated. HtBJ does not help if the real question is "what are these guys talking about"?
It is not just manually flying where this is a threat. If descending using “FPA-Flight path angle” or “VS-Vertical Speed” modes to say make a level restriction, all can be fine when descending with a constant Mach number and there may even be a small amount of thrust still applied. But at transition the AP keeping that constant angle can cause the IAS to start running away and an over speed can easily happen if they crew are not effectively monitoring.
OP, Have a look at the "Chicken Tikka Massala" graph, in other words the relationship between Calibrated, True and Mach speeds vs Flight Level.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/BTKzz.png
https://i.stack.imgur.com/BTKzz.png
Last edited by Private jet; 21st Jun 2021 at 21:40.
dixi188
I think so - still some very useful information in it even for the new generation of jets.
I think so - still some very useful information in it even for the new generation of jets.
rude stuff
Never had an issue on the rare occasions we were in that much of a hurry, rarely would ATC cooperate either
What’s being missed is VMO steadily increases as you descend, it’s not like you’re going to exceed it that easily
Never had an issue on the rare occasions we were in that much of a hurry, rarely would ATC cooperate either
What’s being missed is VMO steadily increases as you descend, it’s not like you’re going to exceed it that easily
Yes you're right, it's just one I quickly found online and the TAS scale is wrong now I look at it. I was just looking at the lay of the lines for the OP's original question. Getting "knowledge" from the internet is a dangerous pastime haha. The simpler version I was thinking of just has 3 lines, with any one speed constant the other 2 will diverge with increasing altitude and converge with decreasing altitude, thats all.
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The reason is it so easy to exceed VMO when descending at MMO is the aircraft is accelerating more quickly than does at normal descent Mach. In order to maintain MMO, the pitch must be constantly decreased. If you wait until you reach VMO to transition to constant indicated airspeed, it is impossible not to overshoot. You need to lead with an increase in pitch about 10 knots prior to reaching VMO (probably varies by aircraft; this is my experience) . Most pilots will set off the overspeed clacker when flying emergency descents at MMO/VMO.
