I appreciate this is a purely hypothetical question, and I'm not intending to shake the "which is better B versus A" flag.

Nevertheless, given identical circumstances and the aircraft flown in exactly the same way, speeds, heights, timings, etc would the outcome have been any different had the aircraft been a modern Airbus, say A380, rather than the 747-400? In other words would an Airbus have offered any better protection, eg warnings, flight envelope, or made it any clearer that a (very) long landing was going to happen unless action was taken?

I doubt that. Unless you are in Autoland the pilot has close to ground the priority and can crash the plane how he sees fit.
With this shown decision making process any additional blinking lamps would have made no difference IMHO.

Any different outcome
 

No, you can't cure stupid with a simple overlay of technology.

https://skybrary.aero/articles/runwa...on-system-rops
Not installed in my 320s yet, so no idea if it would have given a warning in this instance.

And plan B has something in the 777, and presumably 787 :
https://www.boeing.com/commercial/ae...les/2012_q3/3/

I am sure more and more protections will be developed that will try to prevent accidents like these. Having said that, this crew did not use the speed brakes until too late, were above the GS the entire time, crossed the marker 1000' feet high&fast, did not realize the GS they intercepted from below was a false 9deg signal, and did not GA after losing said GS. Not sure if more warnings would have helped.

ROP Runway Overrun Protection
 

HB thank you, so it would seem that on some Airbus aircraft this Runway Overrun Protection system would indeed have provided the crew with a clear warning from 500' that they were not going to be able to stop. I appreciate that in this case the aircraft was more than half way down the runway at 500', but nevertheless the ROP would presumably still have triggered and shown the RWY TOO SHORT message on the PFD. Just out of interest.