Rate of Turn
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Wikipedia can!!
ROT (aviation)
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The aviation term ROT stands for rate one turn, also known as a standard rate turn. All aircraft must be able to perform a standard rate turn.
A standard rate turn for (light) airplanes is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (= 180°/minute).
For heavy airplanes a standard rate turn is a 4-minute turn.
Instruments, either the turn and bank indicator or the turn coordinator, have the standard rate turn clearly marked. Light aircraft are equipped with 2-minute turn indicators while heavy aircraft are equipped with 4-minute turn indicators. This is very useful to pilots who are out of visual contact with the ground and for air traffic control when appropriate separation of aircraft is desired. The pilot banks the airplane such that the turn and slip indicator points to the standard rate turn mark and then uses a watch to time the turn. The pilot can pull out at any desired direction depending on the length of time in the turn.
A rate half turn (1.5° per second) is normally used when flying faster than 250 kt. The term rate two turn (6° per second) used on some low speed aircraft.
Angle of Bank formula
The formula for calculating the angle of bank for a specific True Airspeed (TAS) is:
where r is the radius of the turn and g is the acceleration due to gravity. For a rate one turn and velocity in kt (nautical miles per hour), this comes to
.
A convenient approximation for the bank angle in degrees is
Radius of Turn formula
One might also want to calculate the radius of a Rate 1,2 or 3 turn at a specific TAS.
Use this formula to calculate the radius of turn in feet given velocity in knots and angle of bank:
This is a simplified formula that ignores slip and returns zero for 90 degrees of bank.
The constant 11.29 is calculated:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The aviation term ROT stands for rate one turn, also known as a standard rate turn. All aircraft must be able to perform a standard rate turn.
A standard rate turn for (light) airplanes is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (= 180°/minute).
For heavy airplanes a standard rate turn is a 4-minute turn.
Instruments, either the turn and bank indicator or the turn coordinator, have the standard rate turn clearly marked. Light aircraft are equipped with 2-minute turn indicators while heavy aircraft are equipped with 4-minute turn indicators. This is very useful to pilots who are out of visual contact with the ground and for air traffic control when appropriate separation of aircraft is desired. The pilot banks the airplane such that the turn and slip indicator points to the standard rate turn mark and then uses a watch to time the turn. The pilot can pull out at any desired direction depending on the length of time in the turn.
A rate half turn (1.5° per second) is normally used when flying faster than 250 kt. The term rate two turn (6° per second) used on some low speed aircraft.
Angle of Bank formula
The formula for calculating the angle of bank for a specific True Airspeed (TAS) is:
where r is the radius of the turn and g is the acceleration due to gravity. For a rate one turn and velocity in kt (nautical miles per hour), this comes to
.A convenient approximation for the bank angle in degrees is
Radius of Turn formula
One might also want to calculate the radius of a Rate 1,2 or 3 turn at a specific TAS.
Use this formula to calculate the radius of turn in feet given velocity in knots and angle of bank:
This is a simplified formula that ignores slip and returns zero for 90 degrees of bank.
The constant 11.29 is calculated:
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TAS / 10 + 7 = AoB
(not sure if this is effective at higher speeds or has a cut off)
(not sure if this is effective at higher speeds or has a cut off)
Last edited by White and Fluffy; 19th Mar 2010 at 03:27. Reason: Red Jet beat me to it with a much better answer.
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Turns. All turns nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25° or Rate One, whichever requires a lesser bank
So basically below 180kts, use the formula, above 180kts 25° AOB.
There's not much to work out!
For most jets, your angle of bank is limited to 25deg.
For a 2 min turn and 25deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 170kts.
For a 2 min turn and 30deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 210kts.
With the angle of bank limited, once you exceed those speeds, you won't achieve a standard rate turn!
Eg. At 500kts and 25deg bank, it will take 6 mins to do a 360 turn!
There's an online calculator here that shows what goes on!
For most jets, your angle of bank is limited to 25deg.
For a 2 min turn and 25deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 170kts.
For a 2 min turn and 30deg of bank, the maximum speed is about 210kts.
With the angle of bank limited, once you exceed those speeds, you won't achieve a standard rate turn!
Eg. At 500kts and 25deg bank, it will take 6 mins to do a 360 turn!
There's an online calculator here that shows what goes on!
KISS!
If you are flying the average GA aeroplane and are doing say 120 knots, drop the zero off 120 = 12 and add 7 (19 degrees or 20 rounded up)
Once you hit 25 degrees (say a Baron doing 180) then limit it to 25.
In the Jepps (Terminal AU-5 2.1 d.) it states that turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is less.
If you are flying the average GA aeroplane and are doing say 120 knots, drop the zero off 120 = 12 and add 7 (19 degrees or 20 rounded up)
Once you hit 25 degrees (say a Baron doing 180) then limit it to 25.
In the Jepps (Terminal AU-5 2.1 d.) it states that turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is less.
In the Jepps (Terminal AU-5 2.1 d.) it states that turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is less.
