East China Sea ADIZ
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East China Sea ADIZ
Fact Sheet: China's Air Defense Zone
TAIPEI — What appears to be a crisis in the making, China’s Ministry of National Defense (MOD) has established the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) effective as of 10 a.m. on Nov. 23.
The zone covers the disputed Diaoyu/Senkaku Islets claimed by China, Japan, and Taiwan. The islets are under the administrative control of Japan. China has been flying unmanned aerial vehicles into the area of the islets and Japan has threatened to shoot them down.
China launched two aerial patrols, one Tu-154 and one Y-8, over the area the day of the announcement and Japan deployed two F-15 fighters to intercept.
China’s ADIZ overlaps Japan ADIZ by approximately half, causing concern the overlap could start a war.
The Chinese ADIZ also overlaps Taiwan (Republic of China/ROC). According to a Nov. 24 statement by Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan will “adhere to the principles set forth in the East China Sea Peace Initiative [set forth by President Ma Ying-jeou on Aug 5), with the aim of resolving disputes peacefully, while taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of ROC airspace.” Ma’s five-point peace initiative urges all “parties to refrain from antagonistic actions; not abandon dialogue; observe international law; resolve disputes through peaceful means; and form a mechanism for exploring and developing resources on a cooperative basis.”
US Secretary of State John Kerry issued a statement on Nov. 23 urging China not to impose a “unilateral action” that “constitutes an attempt to change the status quo in the East China Sea.” Further, the US is “deeply concerned” about the announcement and “escalatory action will only increase tensions in the region and create risks of an incident.”
Below is a collection of Chinese MOD press releases since the announcement:
MOD Press Release:
The Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, in accordance with the Statement by the Government of the People’s Republic of China on Establishing the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, now announces the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone as follows:
First, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must abide by these rules.
Second, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must provide the following means of identification:
1. Flight plan identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone should report the flight plans to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China or the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
2. Radio identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must maintain the two-way radio communications, and respond in a timely and accurate manner to the identification inquiries from the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone or the unit authorized by the organ.
3. Transponder identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, if equipped with the secondary radar transponder, should keep the transponder working throughout the entire course.
4. Logo identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must clearly mark their nationalities and the logo of their registration identification in accordance with related international treaties.
Third, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone should follow the instructions of the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone or the unit authorized by the organ. China’s armed forces will adopt defensive emergency measures to respond to aircraft that do not cooperate in the identification or refuse to follow the instructions.
Fourth, the Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China is the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone.
Fifth, the Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China is responsible for the explanation of these rules.
Sixth, these rules will come into force at 10 a.m. Nov. 23, 2013.
MOD Press Release:
The zone is being established in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Defense (March 14, 1997), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Civil Aviation (October 30, 1995) and the Basic Rules on Flight of the People’s Republic of China (July 27, 2001).
The zone includes the airspace within the area enclosed by China’s outer limit of the territorial sea and the following six points: 33º11’N and 121º47’E, 33º11’N and 125º00’E, 31º00’N and 128º20’E, 25º38’N and 125º00’E, 24º45’N and 123º00’E, 26º44’N and 120º58’E.
MOD Q&A
On Nov. 23, China’s Defense Ministry spokesman Yang Yujun took questions from the media on the issue:
Following is the full text released by the MOD:
Q: Why does the Chinese government decide to establish the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone? Is it related to the current situation in the region?
A: Air Defense Identification Zone is an area of air space established by a coastal state beyond its territorial airspace to timely identify, monitor, control and react to aircraft entering this zone with potential air threats. It allows early-warning time and provides air security.
Following the international practice, the Chinese government sets up the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone with the aim of safeguarding state sovereignty, territorial land and air security, and maintaining flight order. This is a necessary measure taken by China in exercising its self-defense right. It is not directed against any specific country or target. It does not affect the freedom of over-flight in the related airspace.
Q: What is the basis for China to establish the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone?
A: The setup of East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone by the Chinese government is not only based on adequate legitimate reference, but also in accordance with current international practice. Since the 1950s, more than 20 countries including some major countries and China’s neighboring countries have successively established Air Defense Identification Zones. Chinese government’s relevant behavior is in line with the UN Charter and other international laws and customs. China’s domestic laws and regulations such as the Law of the PRC on National Defense, the Law of PRC on Civil Aviation and Basic Rules on Flight have also clearly stipulated on the maintenance of territorial land and air security and flight order.
Q: How is the coverage of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone defined? Why is the boundary of the Zone only 130 km away from some country’ territory?
A: The coverage of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone is defined by China’s need for air defense and maintaining flight order.
Actually the easternmost point of the Zone is so close to China that combat aircraft can soon reach China’s territorial airspace from the point. Therefore it is necessary for China to identify any aircraft from this point to assess its intentions and examine its identities so as to allow enough early-warning time for responsive measures in maintaining air security. In addition, some country established Air Defense Identification Zone as early as in 1969. The shortest distance from their zone to the Chinese mainland is also 130 km.
Q: What responding measures will the Chinese side take when foreign aircraft enter the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone?
A: Announcement of the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone of the People’s Republic of China has made specific rules on the identification of aircraft in related airspace. In the face of air threats and unidentified flying objects coming from the sea, the Chinese side will identify, monitor, control and react depending on different situations. We hope that all parties concerned work actively with the Chinese side to jointly maintain flight safety.
What needs to be specified is that the Chinese side has always respected the freedom of over-flight in accordance with international law. The establishment of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone does not change the legal nature of related airspace. Normal flights by international airliners in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone will not be affected in any way.
Q: Will China establish other Air Defense Identification Zones?
A: China will establish other Air Defense Identification Zones at the right moment after necessary preparations are completed.
----------------------------------
Japan warns of ‘unpredictable events’ over China’s new ADIZ over Senkakus
TAIPEI: Take steps against China’s ADIZ move: DPP
TAIPEI — What appears to be a crisis in the making, China’s Ministry of National Defense (MOD) has established the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) effective as of 10 a.m. on Nov. 23.
The zone covers the disputed Diaoyu/Senkaku Islets claimed by China, Japan, and Taiwan. The islets are under the administrative control of Japan. China has been flying unmanned aerial vehicles into the area of the islets and Japan has threatened to shoot them down.
China launched two aerial patrols, one Tu-154 and one Y-8, over the area the day of the announcement and Japan deployed two F-15 fighters to intercept.
China’s ADIZ overlaps Japan ADIZ by approximately half, causing concern the overlap could start a war.
The Chinese ADIZ also overlaps Taiwan (Republic of China/ROC). According to a Nov. 24 statement by Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan will “adhere to the principles set forth in the East China Sea Peace Initiative [set forth by President Ma Ying-jeou on Aug 5), with the aim of resolving disputes peacefully, while taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of ROC airspace.” Ma’s five-point peace initiative urges all “parties to refrain from antagonistic actions; not abandon dialogue; observe international law; resolve disputes through peaceful means; and form a mechanism for exploring and developing resources on a cooperative basis.”
US Secretary of State John Kerry issued a statement on Nov. 23 urging China not to impose a “unilateral action” that “constitutes an attempt to change the status quo in the East China Sea.” Further, the US is “deeply concerned” about the announcement and “escalatory action will only increase tensions in the region and create risks of an incident.”
Below is a collection of Chinese MOD press releases since the announcement:
MOD Press Release:
The Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, in accordance with the Statement by the Government of the People’s Republic of China on Establishing the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, now announces the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone as follows:
First, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must abide by these rules.
Second, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must provide the following means of identification:
1. Flight plan identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone should report the flight plans to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China or the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
2. Radio identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must maintain the two-way radio communications, and respond in a timely and accurate manner to the identification inquiries from the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone or the unit authorized by the organ.
3. Transponder identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone, if equipped with the secondary radar transponder, should keep the transponder working throughout the entire course.
4. Logo identification. Aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone must clearly mark their nationalities and the logo of their registration identification in accordance with related international treaties.
Third, aircraft flying in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone should follow the instructions of the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone or the unit authorized by the organ. China’s armed forces will adopt defensive emergency measures to respond to aircraft that do not cooperate in the identification or refuse to follow the instructions.
Fourth, the Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China is the administrative organ of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone.
Fifth, the Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China is responsible for the explanation of these rules.
Sixth, these rules will come into force at 10 a.m. Nov. 23, 2013.
MOD Press Release:
The zone is being established in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Defense (March 14, 1997), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Civil Aviation (October 30, 1995) and the Basic Rules on Flight of the People’s Republic of China (July 27, 2001).
The zone includes the airspace within the area enclosed by China’s outer limit of the territorial sea and the following six points: 33º11’N and 121º47’E, 33º11’N and 125º00’E, 31º00’N and 128º20’E, 25º38’N and 125º00’E, 24º45’N and 123º00’E, 26º44’N and 120º58’E.
MOD Q&A
On Nov. 23, China’s Defense Ministry spokesman Yang Yujun took questions from the media on the issue:
Following is the full text released by the MOD:
Q: Why does the Chinese government decide to establish the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone? Is it related to the current situation in the region?
A: Air Defense Identification Zone is an area of air space established by a coastal state beyond its territorial airspace to timely identify, monitor, control and react to aircraft entering this zone with potential air threats. It allows early-warning time and provides air security.
Following the international practice, the Chinese government sets up the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone with the aim of safeguarding state sovereignty, territorial land and air security, and maintaining flight order. This is a necessary measure taken by China in exercising its self-defense right. It is not directed against any specific country or target. It does not affect the freedom of over-flight in the related airspace.
Q: What is the basis for China to establish the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone?
A: The setup of East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone by the Chinese government is not only based on adequate legitimate reference, but also in accordance with current international practice. Since the 1950s, more than 20 countries including some major countries and China’s neighboring countries have successively established Air Defense Identification Zones. Chinese government’s relevant behavior is in line with the UN Charter and other international laws and customs. China’s domestic laws and regulations such as the Law of the PRC on National Defense, the Law of PRC on Civil Aviation and Basic Rules on Flight have also clearly stipulated on the maintenance of territorial land and air security and flight order.
Q: How is the coverage of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone defined? Why is the boundary of the Zone only 130 km away from some country’ territory?
A: The coverage of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone is defined by China’s need for air defense and maintaining flight order.
Actually the easternmost point of the Zone is so close to China that combat aircraft can soon reach China’s territorial airspace from the point. Therefore it is necessary for China to identify any aircraft from this point to assess its intentions and examine its identities so as to allow enough early-warning time for responsive measures in maintaining air security. In addition, some country established Air Defense Identification Zone as early as in 1969. The shortest distance from their zone to the Chinese mainland is also 130 km.
Q: What responding measures will the Chinese side take when foreign aircraft enter the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone?
A: Announcement of the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone of the People’s Republic of China has made specific rules on the identification of aircraft in related airspace. In the face of air threats and unidentified flying objects coming from the sea, the Chinese side will identify, monitor, control and react depending on different situations. We hope that all parties concerned work actively with the Chinese side to jointly maintain flight safety.
What needs to be specified is that the Chinese side has always respected the freedom of over-flight in accordance with international law. The establishment of the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone does not change the legal nature of related airspace. Normal flights by international airliners in the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone will not be affected in any way.
Q: Will China establish other Air Defense Identification Zones?
A: China will establish other Air Defense Identification Zones at the right moment after necessary preparations are completed.
----------------------------------
Japan warns of ‘unpredictable events’ over China’s new ADIZ over Senkakus
TAIPEI: Take steps against China’s ADIZ move: DPP
BBC News - US B-52 bombers challenge disputed China air zone
n.b. Chinese (and any other) aircraft may fly in the US ADIZ without following published procedures, as long as they aren't planning to enter US airspace. The US have just done exactly the same to China.
"The United States does not recognize the right of a coastal nation to apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter national airspace nor does the United States apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter U.S. airspace."
U.S. Navy's Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations
n.b. Chinese (and any other) aircraft may fly in the US ADIZ without following published procedures, as long as they aren't planning to enter US airspace. The US have just done exactly the same to China.
"The United States does not recognize the right of a coastal nation to apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter national airspace nor does the United States apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter U.S. airspace."
U.S. Navy's Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations
B-52 bombers challenge disputed China air zone
B-52 bombers challenge disputed China air zone
Whilst Spain continues to tweak the tail of a (paper) tiger, the US seems to be testing a rather more potentially aggressive one... It will be interesting to see the reactions to this and Japan's decision not to flight-plan commercial flights through the zone.
Whilst Spain continues to tweak the tail of a (paper) tiger, the US seems to be testing a rather more potentially aggressive one... It will be interesting to see the reactions to this and Japan's decision not to flight-plan commercial flights through the zone.
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Thank you Good, that someone shows to these comunist idiots that it is not enough to declare air sovernignity.
You have to prove it.
but communist,all around world, are too stupid to understand it.
even I don't suppport US foreign policy,it is good exapmle how airspace, and ability to protect it is important.
well done,
You have to prove it.
but communist,all around world, are too stupid to understand it.
even I don't suppport US foreign policy,it is good exapmle how airspace, and ability to protect it is important.
well done,
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As National "Logos" will need to be "clearly marked", would it be a good time to paint the red, white and blue back into the stars and stripes? Low Vis markings, though tactically very sensible in an armed conflict, might not be best suited to an armed confrontation. If the alledged intruder is to be shooed away by the alledged guardian, it might be wise to visually know whose doing what to whom.
I think the Japs have kept their National Markings in full colour (the solid red roundel).
I think the Japs have kept their National Markings in full colour (the solid red roundel).
As National "Logos" will need to be "clearly marked", would it be a good time to paint the red, white and blue back into the stars and stripes? Low Vis markings, though tactically very sensible in an armed conflict, might not be best suited to an armed confrontation. If the alledged intruder is to be shooed away by the alledged guardian, it might be wise to visually know whose doing what to whom.
I think the Japs have kept their National Markings in full colour (the solid red roundel).
I think the Japs have kept their National Markings in full colour (the solid red roundel).
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In the dim and distant past I used to get sight of signals from the USN when they were sailing big ships close to our fair isles. Quite often the signals would indicate something along the lines of the US respect territorial waters (ie 12nm) but outside of that they would operate under 'due regard'. In other words, 'we'll do our own thing'. I occasionally tried to mention that we both kicked with the same foot but this didn't seem to make much difference.
It seems to me that the Americans are playing the same game with the Chinese. God bless America.
PS. Try and get within 200nm of the US coastline without finding something grey and pointy on you wing.
It seems to me that the Americans are playing the same game with the Chinese. God bless America.
PS. Try and get within 200nm of the US coastline without finding something grey and pointy on you wing.
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Daily Telegraph link to the same story.
US military aircraft defies China's new defence zone to fly over disputed East China Sea - Telegraph
Well I just hope as a fast developing superpower that China has its entire Command and Control system in full order. I mean we wouldn't want a uncontrolled local commander taking unilateral action, would we?
Tricky times for the leaders of China and I wonder how much control one arm has of the other.
I read in a book that the magic numbers for the actual control of China are 9, 13 and 300 as regards the numbers of people within the pyramid of the 3 different executive bodies in charge of the whole set up. It works but takes time to push through things I imagine.
I wonder how much control the Chinese civilian leadership actually have over their military?
Could be tricky. Parallels with what JFK faced in the early 1960s? He headed a rapidly developing superpower that had rampant military leaders seemingly chomping at the bit..he reined them in of course for a while...then was tested by the arrival of the Berlin Wall and Cuba Missile Crisis and seemed to fall foul of the US military.
Seems a little similar here, in a way.
Well I just hope as a fast developing superpower that China has its entire Command and Control system in full order. I mean we wouldn't want a uncontrolled local commander taking unilateral action, would we?
Tricky times for the leaders of China and I wonder how much control one arm has of the other.
I read in a book that the magic numbers for the actual control of China are 9, 13 and 300 as regards the numbers of people within the pyramid of the 3 different executive bodies in charge of the whole set up. It works but takes time to push through things I imagine.
I wonder how much control the Chinese civilian leadership actually have over their military?
Could be tricky. Parallels with what JFK faced in the early 1960s? He headed a rapidly developing superpower that had rampant military leaders seemingly chomping at the bit..he reined them in of course for a while...then was tested by the arrival of the Berlin Wall and Cuba Missile Crisis and seemed to fall foul of the US military.
Seems a little similar here, in a way.
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Unfortunately the Chinese have learned too well from Western nations. I don't like what is happening, not least since its going to cost commercial airlines millions in fuel to avoid the zone of bickering. But it is quite difficult to frame an argument to oppose it since their ADIZ is so similar, even down to the wording, as those imposed by the USA. Try flying through that without a flight plan or radio contact and see how far you get!
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I think that USA will drive a couple of carrier task groups through the ADIZ with maximum 24/7 air operations. Thus leaving much egg on the face of the Chinese.
The whole ADIZ is just a tactic to force negotiations (ie surrender of) those islands.
The whole ADIZ is just a tactic to force negotiations (ie surrender of) those islands.
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Unfortunately the Chinese have learned too well from Western nations. I don't like what is happening, not least since its going to cost commercial airlines millions in fuel to avoid the zone of bickering. But it is quite difficult to frame an argument to oppose it since their ADIZ is so similar, even down to the wording, as those imposed by the USA. Try flying through that without a flight plan or radio contact and see how far you get!
As stated in Xinhua, China's new aircraft identification rules don't distinguish between aircraft flying through the zone with no intention of flying into China's airspace and those that do, the Center for Strategic and International Studies points out.
This is not how the United States interprets the ADIZ, as stated by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry's on November 23: "The United States does not apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter U.S. national airspace. We urge China not to implement its threat to take action against aircraft that do not identify themselves or obey orders from Beijing."
This is not how the United States interprets the ADIZ, as stated by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry's on November 23: "The United States does not apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter U.S. national airspace. We urge China not to implement its threat to take action against aircraft that do not identify themselves or obey orders from Beijing."
'Face' and the losing thereof is perhaps something much underestimated in the West. Unpredictable outcome/repercussions!
I don't disagree, but can't help but wonder why we default to this mindset. Should we soft shoe around the Chinese actions for fear of offending them? I didn't expect the US to act as quickly as they did, but I'm glad they conducted this freedom of naviagation exercise.
I don't disagree, but can't help but wonder why we default to this mindset. Should we soft shoe around the Chinese actions for fear of offending them? I didn't expect the US to act as quickly as they did, but I'm glad they conducted this freedom of naviagation exercise.
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bloody stupid action by the Chinese but they have learnt from the west here
the islands are much disputed - why the Japanese Govt bought the damn things off their private owner a few years back is beyond me - just made any escalation a Govt - Govt issue immediately
The Chinese have a good historical claim to them but then we have an irrefutable case to own Aquitaine and the Mexican really should have the southern USA..............
"historic Claims" are normally just an excuse to start a fight - like "Natural boundaries2 - there is no case of anyone ever RETREATING their border to a Natural Boundary
the islands are much disputed - why the Japanese Govt bought the damn things off their private owner a few years back is beyond me - just made any escalation a Govt - Govt issue immediately
The Chinese have a good historical claim to them but then we have an irrefutable case to own Aquitaine and the Mexican really should have the southern USA..............
"historic Claims" are normally just an excuse to start a fight - like "Natural boundaries2 - there is no case of anyone ever RETREATING their border to a Natural Boundary
Japan, South Korean military planes defy China's new defence zone
All getting a bit silly now...
The odds on it all going pear-shaped seem to be shortening by the day.
(Reuters) - Japanese and South Korean military aircraft flew through disputed air space over the East China Sea without informing China, officials said on Thursday, challenging a new Chinese air defence zone that has increased regional tensions and sparked concerns of an unintended clash.
This has the makings of a disaster, lets hope the trigger fingers are steady rather than twitchy.
China sends warplanes to new air defence zone amid tensions - Telegraph
The Chinese navy had large naval exercises recently including their SSBN's.
China sends warplanes to new air defence zone amid tensions - Telegraph
The Chinese navy had large naval exercises recently including their SSBN's.
Last edited by air pig; 28th Nov 2013 at 18:19.
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Right then, Bevo so if the Chinese were to send some of their aircraft a couple of hundred miles off the Florida coast that would be OK with Uncle Sam, provided they don't intend to enter US national airspace??
Their ADIZ closely mirrors that of the US, even down to the explanatory wording, despite the weaselly explanation about intentions. How would anyone know the intent when they aren't speaking on the radio?
I don't approve of what the Chinese govt are doing...but they are doing it just the way we showed them!
Their ADIZ closely mirrors that of the US, even down to the explanatory wording, despite the weaselly explanation about intentions. How would anyone know the intent when they aren't speaking on the radio?
I don't approve of what the Chinese govt are doing...but they are doing it just the way we showed them!
Last edited by ShotOne; 29th Nov 2013 at 08:10.