Quick question on ailerons

[Groundbased]

How do ailerons work?

Do they disturb the airflow to create a change in the pressure differential or do they direct the airflow to physically move the wing up or down?

Thinking on do the ailerons on each wing work indpependently or do they create an equal and opposite effect on the other wing? Might be type dependent I guess.

Sorry that's two questions from an interested non pilot.

Thanks,

[Piltdown Man]

Ailerons change the lift generated by the wing, the down going side having reduced lift and the up going side, increased lift. By moving the ailerons you are effectively changing the angle of attack of the wing. But a side effect of lift is drag so all things being equal, the up going wing may cause the nose to yaw in the 'wrong' direction. This is known as 'adverse yaw' and it is very pronounced in gliders. You use rudder counteract this effect.

[AerocatS2A]

Do they disturb the airflow to create a change in the pressure differential or do they direct the airflow to physically move the wing up or down?
Those are both the same thing. The aileron deflects the air which also changes the pressure differential.

[Intruder]

A moving aileron change the camber of the wing, which changes the lift coefficient which changes the lift produced.

You can argue whether the Bernoullis are running around the wing at different speeds or the downwash is in/decreased or the pressure differential changes; but the bottom line is more lift on one side makes that wing rise relative to the other, causing roll (and some ancillary drag and yaw).