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-   -   Crosswind Landing Accident. (https://www.pprune.org/accidents-close-calls/656202-crosswind-landing-accident.html)

1southernman 5th Apr 2024 12:37


Originally Posted by RichardJones (Post 11629455)
FIFI?? I'm intrigued. Is that the B29 by any chance?

The Airbus 320 and I wish on the original namesake :)

RichardJones 5th Apr 2024 16:56


Originally Posted by 1southernman (Post 11629746)
The Airbus 320 and I wish on the original namesake :)


LoL. Thanks for the clarification.

I thought you might have been a relic from a by gone age. There are some relics on this site. 🤣

RetiredBA/BY 7th Apr 2024 09:05


Originally Posted by Bergerie1 (Post 11629579)
At one time in my career, because the 707 simulator was not adequate, we used to have check new captains out on cross-wind landings on the aircraft at Prestwick or wherever we could find a sufficient cross-wind component. Each captain did at least three landings in succession. There is not much room for error on that type, the 747 was much easier.

First piece of advice - never, ever kick off the drift, instead, during the flare, gently push off the drift to remove the crab while keeping the wings level. Next piece of advice - resist the temptation to be over-active on the ailerons and rudder because that will only lead to unwanted PIOs. Third piece of advice - continue to fly the aircraft after touchdown and during the landing roll since the tendency to lift a wing only gradually reduces with airspeed.

Of course, this is easy to say but requires practice in order to coordinate it with the flare. Ideally, the transition should start at about 50ft and it is better to land with a little crab still remaining than to start too early and then drift towards the downwind edge of the runway.

We must have flown for the same company but on a different type.!
What you have written is absolutely what I was taught flying a V bomber straight out of training and used throughout my career. That said, just a few degrees of into wind bank. 2 or 3 at most, in the flare seemed to work well on the Boeing twins (3, 5 and 6) without compromising pod clearance.
DP Davis in HTBJ emphasises the need to remove drift by pushing the rudder NOT kicking it !
Coffee finished !

Bergerie1 7th Apr 2024 14:19

RetiredBA/BY,

HTBJ by DPD was my bible. I flew with him a couple of times and sat at the master's feet

RichardJones 7th Apr 2024 18:21


Originally Posted by Bergerie1 (Post 11630926)
RetiredBA/BY,

HTBJ by DPD was my bible. I flew with him a couple of times and sat at the master's feet

I was never honoured to have flown with him. I was never in that leaque.
He certainly knew his stuff and even more importantly able put it across and teach it on.
A God given talent .

Bergerie1 7th Apr 2024 18:48

If you haven't already listened to these RAeS podcasts of DPD talking about his career and doing certification tests on various aircraft types you really need to do so. They are excellent:- https://www.pprune.org/tech-log/6029...-aircraft.html

RichardJones 7th Apr 2024 19:00


Originally Posted by Bergerie1 (Post 11631032)
If you haven't already listened to these RAeS podcasts of DPD talking about his career and doing certification tests on various aircraft types you really need to do so. They are excellent:- https://www.pprune.org/tech-log/6029...-aircraft.html

Thankyou for that. Much appreciated.

Discorde 19th Apr 2024 17:21

Here's the relevant pages from the B757/767 FCTM dated 2001. Perhaps Boeing have changed their recommended techniques since then.


https://cimg2.ibsrv.net/gimg/pprune....80333388f6.jpg

Bergerie1 19th Apr 2024 17:31

Yes - they probably have, but it depends on the aircraft type due to the need for pod clearance. The 707 was probably more critical than the 757/767 therefore the de-crab during the flare was the recommended technique. Horse for courses!!

Uplinker 20th Apr 2024 10:01


Originally Posted by punkalouver (Post 11629744)
Having flown over ten types, I have a procedure prior to the start of groundschool of studying ahead of time to be more familiar with systems. I tried this with the Airbus manuals and soon gave up as I found them to be too difficult to get a good initial understanding.

Instead, Inwatched a long series of United Airlines videos(with the understanding that there are differences). After each video, I would then compare with the Airbus section for that system, which made things much better.

One would think that such a large company, that is partly British owned, would get a Brit to write their manuals in English(or now update them). After all, they have plenty of money and it could be a safety issue. All it takes is one accident these days to harm a reputation significantly.


I am not trying to be clever, but I never had a problem crosswind landing Airbus FBW. Possibly because I learned crosswind landings flying small and medium turbo props, (where it is more crucial to get the handling exactly right), and we used the crossed-controls wing down method from short finals. The only things on the subject I took from the Airbus manuals and SOPs was to use the crab/de-crab technique and wings level rather than wing down.

When I transferred to the Airbus, we just needed to modify to the crab/de-crab method: Fly crabbed all the way down to the flare, offset slightly upwind of the centreline. As you flare, simultaneously gently squeeze the rudder* to yaw and align with the runway, and keep the wings level, (although I probably put in a tiny 1° or 2° of upwind wing down as I straighten to counter the advancing wing lift). If you get the timing right, the mains touch just as you complete the straightening manoeuvre.

On turbulent days it is worth knowing about partial spoiler deployment, which is a very handy feature.



*I have never understood the "kick it straight" thing. Kick it ???? Gently and smoothly squeeze the rudder, is all you need. Treat all controls gently.

RichardJones 4th May 2024 16:46

https://www.facebook.com/share/r/zCM73pHRTYepDNNX/

Text book IMHO. Refreshing but rare to see

Good Business Sense 5th May 2024 12:01


Originally Posted by RichardJones (Post 11552377)
Well I have put a B707 down with 360/ 28 gusting 33 kts. Straight across. Zero crab. I long time ago. If it can be done Zero crab in a 707 surely it can be done on a 737. 707 less forgiving,
admittedly the 707 was at max landing weight which makes it easier. Cargo.
That was one of my best efforts. X wind.

Once the wind gets up and on wide bodies I think a zero drift touchdown can provide a great deal of trouble on so many levels - Boeing and Airbus test pilots don't really touch the rudder on a crosswind and land drift on during their extreme crosswind testing regime (get a video and frame by frame watch the rudder movement i.e. it is zero). I know that Airbus has the slip in their manuals but I don't think that they believe it is a good idea (honestly) - the bigger the aeroplane (especially with four engines) the better to land crab on - which makes the highest crosswinds easy to fly. Saves on engines, wing tips and the odd tail strike.

safetypee 5th May 2024 15:34

Do not use self generated procedures based on unsubstantiated video.

Use the manufacturers recommended procedures; note the term 'maximum demonstrated' and the associated conditions.

Consider other aspects as discussed in the manufactures publications:

https://www.dropbox.com/s/zq6lxugvocvhmio/A-B Crosswind presentation.pdf?dl=0

https://safetyfirst.airbus.com/app/t...tification.pdf



RichardJones 6th May 2024 10:54

If you dont this.

https://www.facebook.com/share/r/zCM73pHRTYepDNNX/

You get this


I believe in K.I.S. keep it simple.
Zero the drift with, sustained rudder application and hold the into wing down with sustained airleron application. This will keep the Into wind wing down.
The into wind wing diheral, will want to assist in lifting that wing, if it is not held down.
How many people on here have been taught how to side slip an aircraft? I ask, as that is the correct technic used to deal with a cross wind landing. Although the controls are crossed the airlerons are used as normal.
Correct basic flying skills. stick and rudder, near the ground were generally lost when conventional under carriage, training aircraft, disappeared.

Pilot DAR 6th May 2024 13:12


Boeing and Airbus test pilots don't really touch the rudder on a crosswind and land drift on during their extreme crosswind testing regime
I can't speak for flying, or test flying Boeings or Airbus airplanes. That said, I've done a lot of GA crosswind testing, and I have used the rudder a lot! I have done testing (up to Cessna Caravan) where the touchdown was with full rudder deflection (and then a couple of hints of same side brake to heap maintain heading). At those values, I demonstrated compliance with the crosswind handling requirement. I accept that the risk of an engine pod strike affects technique, but to fly a crab only crosswind approach seems like an unstabilized approach to me - at the last minute, a large heading change, and possible drift off the runway.

I know that when I fly a stabilized slip approach, if I can hold the slip, and runway alignment, the landing should be possible in those conditions with little difficulty. I will always train pilots to primarily slip a crosswind approach, right through to touchdown if needed. Particularly in floatplanes, where a sudden crab correction at flare could be dangerous). If those pilots, with basic skills well developed, go on to fly larger airplanes, with different recommended techniques, that's fine - it's skill building, not eroding!

xetroV 6th May 2024 14:26

For reference, this is how Boeing test pilots did it when demonstrating the max crosswind for the 777.


RichardJones 6th May 2024 15:19


Originally Posted by Pilot DAR (Post 11650230)
I can't speak for flying, or test flying Boeings or Airbus airplanes. That said, I've done a lot of GA crosswind testing, and I have used the rudder a lot! I have done testing (up to Cessna Caravan) where the touchdown was with full rudder deflection (and then a couple of hints of same side brake to heap maintain heading). At those values, I demonstrated compliance with the crosswind handling requirement. I accept that the risk of an engine pod strike affects technique, but to fly a crab only crosswind approach seems like an unstabilized approach to me - at the last minute, a large heading change, and possible drift off the runway.

I know that when I fly a stabilized slip approach, if I can hold the slip, and runway alignment, the landing should be possible in those conditions with little difficulty. I will always train pilots to primarily slip a crosswind approach, right through to touchdown if needed. Particularly in floatplanes, where a sudden crab correction at flare could be dangerous). If those pilots, with basic skills well developed, go on to fly larger airplanes, with different recommended techniques, that's fine - it's skill building, not eroding!


Well said.
For me, the basics are the same and I have used those basics right through to and including 4 engined heavy Jets.

RichardJones 6th May 2024 15:26


Originally Posted by xetroV (Post 11650284)
For reference, this is how Boeing test pilots did it when demonstrating the max crosswind for the 777.

https://youtu.be/_z2LtHrn9Jw?si=HWx4zbWgoZGW-O-L

What I did notice, there was no corrective action taken, before touch down. Why?

"When you can touch down, at max demonstrated crosswind for the aircraft type, on the centre line, the aircraft heading and track the same as the runway direction and maintain the above. Then you can land crosswind. This is what we aim to do right? Well if it can't be done, then it could be argued the handling pilot does not have full control of the aircraft. Or does he or she? Juggle the rudder, you are inviting trouble"

This applies to all fixed wing aircraft I have flown.

Pilot DAR 6th May 2024 15:40


For reference, this is how Boeing test pilots did it when demonstrating the max crosswind for the 777.
I opine that the test shown is a "if it can survive this, it can survive anything" type test. 'Doesn't mean it's the most graceful way to do it! And, test pilots tend to have unusually high skill and attention to task, so they can fly a crabbed, non stable approach, and still make a decent landing out of it. I've never read a Boeing 777 flight manual, but I would be surprised if the primary recommended procedure for a crosswind landing is to crab it on - But, not being a big airplane pilot, I defer to those who know!

xetroV 6th May 2024 18:50


Originally Posted by Pilot DAR (Post 11650313)
I opine that the test shown is a "if it can survive this, it can survive anything" type test. 'Doesn't mean it's the most graceful way to do it! And, test pilots tend to have unusually high skill and attention to task, so they can fly a crabbed, non stable approach, and still make a decent landing out of it. I've never read a Boeing 777 flight manual, but I would be surprised if the primary recommended procedure for a crosswind landing is to crab it on - But, not being a big airplane pilot, I defer to those who know!

See the excerpt from the B757/B767 Flight Crew Training Manual that was quoted a couple of posts earlier. The B777 FCTM is very similar. Doing a crabbed landing is just one available flight technique described by Boeing. Neither preferred, nor discouraged (unlike sideslip-only / zero crab landings, which Boeing do not recommend for crosswinds exceeding some value below max. demonstrated x-wind).


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