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-   -   SWA 737 overrun at BUR - Dec 6 2018 (https://www.pprune.org/accidents-close-calls/616111-swa-737-overrun-bur-dec-6-2018-a.html)

Zeffy 6th Dec 2018 17:59

SWA 737 overrun at BUR - Dec 6 2018
 
https://ktla.com/2018/12/06/southwes...uring-landing/


BURBANK (CBSLA) — A Southwest Airlines flight arriving at Burbank Airport from Oakland skidded off the runway after landing Thursday morning.

The jet was stopped by the airport’s Engineered Material Arresting System, which is designed to stop an aircraft that goes off the end of a runway.

The flight had 117 passengers on board.​​​​​​
https://cimg0.ibsrv.net/gimg/pprune....480f7ef319.jpg

https://twitter.com/MoeStorch
https://cimg7.ibsrv.net/gimg/pprune....d90c206f02.jpg

https://twitter.com/MoeStorch

Zeffy 6th Dec 2018 18:06

https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=219098

​​​​​

Date: 06-DEC-2018
Time: 09:04 LT
Boeing 737-7H4 (WL)
Owner/operator: Southwest Airlines
Registration: N752SW
C/n / msn: 29804/387

Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 117

Other fatalities: 0

Aircraft damage: Minor

Location: Hollywood Burbank Airport, CA (BUR/KBUR) - United States of America

Phase: Landing

Nature: Domestic Scheduled Passenger

Departure airport: Oakland International Airport, CA (OAK/KOAK)

Destination airport: Hollywood Burbank Airport, CA (BUR/KBUR)

Narrative:
Southwest Airlines flight WN278 from Oakland suffered a runway excursion on landing on runway 08 at Hollywood Burbank Airport. The aircraft was stopped by the Engineered Material Arresting System (EMAS) at the end of the runway. No injuries reported. 117 people on board. Emergency slides deployed for evacuation. Heavy rain at time of landing.

Weather reported about the incident time (1704Z):
KBUR 061715Z 29008KT 1SM +RA BR FEW005 BKN013 OVC031 08/08 A2993 RMK AO2 AIRCRAFT MISHAP P0026 T00830078
KBUR 061653Z 28011KT 1 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 OVC013 08/08 A2991 RMK AO2 SLP122 P0033 T00830083

Airbubba 6th Dec 2018 18:33

Not the first time Southwest has overrun runway 8 at BUR. From Y2K in the pre-EMAS era:

https://cimg8.ibsrv.net/gimg/pprune....e034620514.jpg

NTSB report on the Y2K overrun:

https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/...ts/AAB0204.pdf

aterpster 6th Dec 2018 18:37

11 knot tailwind!

A0283 6th Dec 2018 18:46

@SouthwestAir Flight 278 rolled off the end of Runway 8 while landing at @fly_BUR Airport in #Burbank, CA, and came to rest in the Engineered Material Arresting System (EMAS). This information is preliminary and may change. 09:50 - 6 dec. 2018.

Note: I dont see the escape slides on the photos ... simple ladder starboard forward ...

tdracer 6th Dec 2018 19:00

Looks like the EMAS did it's job. Makes you wonder why it's use isn't more widespread...

thcrozier 6th Dec 2018 20:25

Anyone know anything about the procedure for pulling the plane out of its hole, repairing the EMAS, and getting the runway open again?

Airbubba 6th Dec 2018 20:32


Originally Posted by tdracer (Post 10329657)
Looks like the EMAS did it's job. Makes you wonder why it's use isn't more widespread...

Like grooved runways in some countries, I strongly suspect it's a case of NIH (Not Invented Here).

Bizjets seem to be the most common EMAS users and the FAA has found that pilots will sometimes try to take the plane off the side rather than into the EMAS:


FAA Confirms Cases of EMAS Phobia

August 3, 2017
@aviationweek #aviationsafety

WASHINGTON—Pilots in some cases appear to be avoiding a special type of crushable concrete designed to gently stop an aircraft from overrunning the end of a runway—a finding that is puzzling to FAA officials.

“Of all the Engineered Material Arresting System (EMAS) saves, there’s a relatively small number where the aircraft curves off to the side,” said James Fee, the FAA’s manager for runway safety, at a recent safety conference sponsored by the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA). “It is somewhat perplexing.”

First installed in 1994, EMAS is now in place at 106 runway ends at 67 airports that do not have the standard 1,000-ft. runway safety area buffer. Seven more pads are slated to be installed at six additional airports. Although tailored for the traffic mix at each airport, the design standard calls for stopping an aircraft traveling 74 kt. when it first enters the pad, which is as wide as the runway and several hundred feet long.

Khalil Kodsi, the manager of the FAA’s airport-engineering division, said there have been 12 EMAS “saves” to date, the most recent being an arrest in Burbank, California, when a Cessna Citation business jet with two pilots on board overran a runway and stopped in the EMAS pad.

Greg Wooley, vice president of flight operations for ExpressJet Airlines, said in many cases, the reasons have to do with publicity. “Probably 50% of the folks that I talk to say that if it’s going to be a low-energy event where they’d be 30–40 kt. at the end of the runway, [they question whether] they should take the EMAS or take it into the dirt,” Wooley said at the ALPA safety forum. “We don’t want to make the news, and there are some folks that think if you take the EMAS you’re making the news for sure.”

Alternatively, pilots think if they “take the dirt,” they might get “tugged back up onto the asphalt” and not make the news, he said. “That’s something that we’ve got to address and emphasize more—doing the right thing should be applauded and not be shamed,” Wooley said. “People have that fear of having the spotlight on them because they’ve gotten themselves into that situation.”



Another BUR EMAS save in 2006 with Alex Rodriguez' G-II:


https://cimg0.ibsrv.net/gimg/pprune....bb2c098d1d.jpg


ukpilotinca 6th Dec 2018 20:48

My favourite news quote of the day, from CNN


The FAA implemented a ground stop that kept incoming flights in the air for an extra 45 minutes

ManaAdaSystem 6th Dec 2018 20:52


Originally Posted by Zeffy (Post 10329608)

Short runway, heavy rain, tailwind. Is the runway grooved?
Not that usual for the -700 to be involved in off piste events, but given the conditions....

BluSdUp 6th Dec 2018 21:03

All good that ends good!
 
Now considering that fact I wonder why they came up with the brilliant idea of doing a 10 kt tailwind landing in driving rain on a 1768meter runway. Short for my 738 not long for a 737-700 , me thinks! Does anyone have the charts?

Now , we need to make a bet on how fast did they go when the nose wheel left Terra firma LDA and entered the Engineered Stuff!!
I say at least 20 kts, so just to make it interesting , I bet they did 35 kts .
That means they would have entered the Highway with a good 10 to 15 kts depending on deceleration.
Totally wild guess from me, but I think they were sliding without much wheel BA as they drifted left dramatically.
TD ,it is all about money, but this time it did pay back, in property and most probably life.
I used to hate tailwind operation , just out of principle and certainly on lesser powered aircraft then the 737.
Intersection takeoffs and tailwind operation is all about money , it has no operational advantage, in principal, and this reminds me to be more on the ball this winter.

TriStar_drvr 6th Dec 2018 21:25

Runway 8 is the only one with an instrument approach and yes, it is grooved. Circling to another runway would not be an option in that weather.

Sailvi767 6th Dec 2018 22:25


Originally Posted by TriStar_drvr (Post 10329758)
Runway 8 is the only one with an instrument approach and yes, it is grooved. Circling to another runway would not be an option in that weather.

A divert would certainly have been a option. Hard to imagine a professional crew accepting a 11 knot tailwind on a short runway in driving rain.

Airbubba 6th Dec 2018 22:35

Southwest 278 was given a report of braking action good 10 minutes earlier from another 737, they were shooting the ILS 8. You have to pop the autopilot off at least 300 feet above the touchdown zone according to the approach plate. The tower reported an area of heavy precipitation right over the airport. Southwest replied 'perfect, thanks'. Final wind given was 270/10. The accident occurred around 1702Z from the liveatc.com tapes.

http://archive-server.liveatc.net/kb...2018-1630Z.mp3

http://archive-server.liveatc.net/kb...2018-1700Z.mp3

From overhead pictures of the mishap and the BUR taxi chart, it appears that the EMAS pad is offset from the end of the runway with more crunchy concrete area to the left of the extended runway 8 centerline.

TriStar_drvr 6th Dec 2018 23:16


Originally Posted by Sailvi767 (Post 10329796)


A divert would certainly have been a option. Hard to imagine a professional crew accepting a 11 knot tailwind on a short runway in driving rain.

A divert would certainly be an option, but if the airport was above landing minimums and your perfromance calculations indicated the aircraft could be stopped on the runway, would you divert? Hindsight is always 20/20.

Gilmorrie 6th Dec 2018 23:30

Oakland to Burbank? Ye gods, take a Uber.

tdracer 6th Dec 2018 23:48


Originally Posted by Gilmorrie (Post 10329837)
Oakland to Burbank? Ye gods, take a Uber.

Seriously? 360 miles/6 hour drive (and that's assuming traffic doesn't suck, which it usually does) and you'd take Uber?

Deadstick126 6th Dec 2018 23:54


Originally Posted by tdracer (Post 10329847)
Seriously? 360 miles/6 hour drive (and that's assuming traffic doesn't suck, which it usually does) and you'd take Uber?

Take a Lyft. We're nicer. https://www.pprune.org/images/icons/laugh.gif

thcrozier 7th Dec 2018 00:02

I've found flying vs driving between those cities to be a toss up, given the wait times at the airports.

sherburn2LA 7th Dec 2018 00:46

I have commuted between Burbank and the Bay Area on SW on a more or less weekly basis for the past 13 years which means I have flown about 500 times and driven maybe a dozen times or so. There was one period of over 5 years I didn't drive at all and when I did I remembered why not.

On the original subject RWY 8 downwind is the norm. I wonder how long the touchdown was as the usual technique seems to be smash it on with landings you don't get elsewhere and then stand it on its nose even allowing for a possible LAHSO. Makes for some excitement in my usual seat on the back row.

Because of the terrain and terminal location adjacent the runway 33 and certainly 26 are rarely if ever used. Maybe if you are a helicopter. In my 'unsecure' spam can 15 was the only option as they think you will be contaminating the secure area even taxiing near the terminal at the end of 8.

machtuk 7th Dec 2018 00:57


Originally Posted by tdracer (Post 10329657)
Looks like the EMAS did it's job. Makes you wonder why it's use isn't more widespread...

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$…………... there's your reason why not !

tdracer 7th Dec 2018 02:04


Originally Posted by machtuk (Post 10329880)
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$…………... there's your reason why not !

And a hull loss costs how much? Not to mention the potential human costs...

pattern_is_full 7th Dec 2018 03:50

EMAS is an expense to the airport or the city/authority. A hull loss doesn't cost them anything - that is a cost to the airline or its insurer or the leasing co., or whoever.

Different pots of money controlled by different people and entirely separate budgets.

Unless airlines want to pay for their own EMAS installations at difficult airports they serve. Or threaten to stop service unless the airport pays for EMAS. Or lobby the FAA or equivalent regulators to lean on the airports to do it.

73qanda 7th Dec 2018 03:53


A divert would certainly be an option, but if the airport was above landing minimums and your perfromance calculations indicated the aircraft could be stopped on the runway, would you divert?
Yes I would in some circumstances TriStar.
This SAFO is important,all crew should have thought about the practical implications of it.

Subject: Turbojet Braking Performance on Wet Runways
Purpose: This SAFO warns airplane operators and pilots that the advisory data for wet runway landings
may not provide a safe stopping margin under all conditions.
Background: Landing overruns which occur on wet runways typically involve multiple contributing factors such as long touchdown, improper use of deceleration devices, tailwind and less available friction than expected. Several recent runway landing incidents/accidents have raised concerns with wet runway stopping performance assumptions. Analysis of the stopping data from these incidents/accidents indicates the braking coefficient of friction in each case was significantly lower than expected for a wet runway as defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in Federal Air Regulation (FAR) 25.109 and Advisory Circular (AC) 25-7C methods. These incidents/accidents occurred on both grooved and un- grooved or non-Porous Friction Course overlay (PFC) runways. The data indicates that applying a 15% safety margin to wet runway time-of-arrival advisory data as, recommended by SAFO 06012, may be inadequate in certain wet runway conditions.
Discussion: The root cause of the wet runway stopping performance shortfall is not fully understood at this time; however issues that appear to be contributors are runway conditions such as texture (polished or rubber contaminated surfaces), drainage, puddling in wheel tracks and active precipitation. Analysis of this data indicates that 30 to 40 percent of additional stopping distance may be required in certain cases where the runway is very wet, but not flooded.
For non-grooved or non-PFC runways, experience has shown that wheel braking may be degraded when the runway is very wet. If active moderate or heavy precipitation exists, the operator should consider additional conservatism in their time-of-arrival assessment.
For grooved or PFC runways, experience has shown that wheel braking is degraded when the runway is very wet. If active heavy precipitation exists; the operator should consider additional conservatism in their time-of-arrival assessment.
Possible methods of applying additional conservatism when operating on a runway which experience has shown is degraded when very wet are assuming a braking action of medium or fair when computing time- of-arrival landing performance or increasing the factor applied to the wet runway time-of-arrival landing performance data.
Distributed by: AFS-200 AFS-240
In some cases manufacturers have provided improved performance landing data for grooved/PFC runways. This improved performance grooved/PFC runway landing data should only be used when following any other Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) requirements and/or requirements of section 7 of AC 121-195(d)-1a, “FAR PART 121 OPERATIONAL APPROVALS OF AIRCRAFT WITH OPERATIONAL LANDING PERFORMANCE ON WET RUNWAYS” or equivalent operation specification.
Some of the wet runway braking shortfalls have occurred at US airports where Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 139 runway design and maintenance standards apply. Operators should be aware that the aforementioned runway design and maintenance standards may not be met in other countries. Many country’s standards for design, construction and maintenance of runways are based on International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 runway design and maintenance standards, however they may lack oversight in implementation of these standards. Also, outside of the United States there is often less usage of grooving or PFC overlay which, when present, will normally aid in drainage and mitigate the risk of hydroplaning during active precipitation, thus impacting braking action.
Operators should be aware of the runway maintenance program and wet runway friction capability at the airports to which they operate. Mitigation should be considered at airports where aircraft operators have reason to suspect the runway’s capability of creating good friction while very wet during active precipitation.
As stated initially the other common contributing factors for wet runway excursions are long touchdown, improper application of deceleration devices and tailwind landings. Aircraft operators should review their flight training programs to ensure flight crews are familiar with the assumptions used in creating the data used for the time-of-arrival assessment such as the assumed distance from threshold to touchdown, recommended uses of deceleration devices; aircraft operators should also ensure flight crews are aware of the wind assumed in the original dispatch calculations for the flight. Advisory Circular 91-79A has been recently updated to address these issues and operators should review the guidance contained therein.
In 2015 a committee of manufacturers and regulators will further investigate the issues with wet runway braking performance shortfalls. Airport and aircraft operators will be included in this investigation.
Recommended Action: Directors of safety and directors of operations (Part 121); directors of operations (part 135, and 125), program managers, (Part 91K), and Pilots (Part 91) should take appropriate action within their operation to address the safety concerns with landing performance on wet runways discussed in this SAFO.
Contact: Questions or comments regarding this SAFO should be directed to the Air Transportation, New Program Implementation Branch, AFS-240 at (202) 267-8166.

SquintyMagoo 7th Dec 2018 05:14


Originally Posted by pattern_is_full (Post 10329929)
EMAS is an expense to the airport or the city/authority. A hull loss doesn't cost them anything - that is a cost to the airline or its insurer or the leasing co., or whoever.

Different pots of money controlled by different people and entirely separate budgets.

Unless airlines want to pay for their own EMAS installations at difficult airports they serve. Or threaten to stop service unless the airport pays for EMAS. Or lobby the FAA or equivalent regulators to lean on the airports to do it.

Well, what do the airports do with all the landing fees and gate charges they collect? Certainly some of it must go to field improvements.

737er 7th Dec 2018 05:28


Originally Posted by Gilmorrie (Post 10329837)
Oakland to Burbank? Ye gods, take a Uber.


That’s hilarious. NY City to Baltimore: 187 miles. Oakland to Burbank: 363 miles.

Mark in CA 7th Dec 2018 08:45


Originally Posted by Gilmorrie (Post 10329837)
Oakland to Burbank? Ye gods, take a Uber.

The grapevine was snowed in that day! That's where Interstate 5 heads up into a small mountain range before dipping down again into the Los Angeles basin. Travel came to a complete halt.

ManaAdaSystem 7th Dec 2018 14:31


Originally Posted by TriStar_drvr (Post 10329824)
A divert would certainly be an option, but if the airport was above landing minimums and your perfromance calculations indicated the aircraft could be stopped on the runway, would you divert? Hindsight is always 20/20.

No, I’m honest to say that I would not divert in this situation.

4 Holer 7th Dec 2018 15:17

I think he meant Ontario LA California not Oakland....

Doors to Automatic 7th Dec 2018 20:33

Oh dear - a landing in driving rain onto a short runway with an 11kt tailwind followed by the inevitable meeting with Uncle EMAS. When will they ever learn?

Pre-Xmas tea and biscuits without mince pies I fancy :p

737er 7th Dec 2018 21:47


Originally Posted by Doors to Automatic (Post 10330615)
Oh dear - a landing in driving rain onto a short runway with an 11kt tailwind followed by the inevitable meeting with Uncle EMAS. When will they ever learn?

Pre-Xmas tea and biscuits without mince pies I fancy :p

How do you figure? Tower reported winds 270/10 to them right before landing. Before that, a higher than a 10 knot tailwind component reported on ATIS would have locked out their landing data numbers and said no can do when they retrieved it,

Callsign Kilo 7th Dec 2018 21:56

They’ve possibly landed long on a short wet runway with a TWC approaching limits. Could’ve been carrying excess speed (easy to do on an NG) and maybe an inappropriate autobrake setting and possible late application of reverse thrust (think Midway Accident a few years back). All speculation and I sympathise with the guys at the coal face. The aircraft is renowned to bite in similar scenarios. I’ll be interested to see the NTSB report when it becomes available however I do wonder what’s pushing people into accepting approaches on to RW08 with a tailwind at BUR?

ontheklacker 7th Dec 2018 22:28

737er-
They could have got their legal landing data way before the tailwind picked up...

Kilo-
Theres no other instrument approach available into BUR (vis was 1 mile ish)

Zeffy 7th Dec 2018 23:43


Originally Posted by Callsign Kilo (Post 10330673)
...interested to see the NTSB report when it becomes available...

Probably not an accident; don't know if or to what extent NTSB will get involved.

NTSB 830

§830.2 Definitions.
As used in this part the following words or phrases are defined as follows:

Aircraft accident means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. For purposes of this part, the definition of “aircraft accident” includes “unmanned aircraft accident,” as defined herein...

...​​​​​​Substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered “substantial damage” for the purpose of this part.

Airbubba 7th Dec 2018 23:50


Originally Posted by 737er (Post 10330665)
Before that, a higher than a 10 knot tailwind component reported on ATIS would have locked out their landing data numbers and said no can do when they retrieved it,

Is a ten knot tailwind a limitation on a wet runway for the 737 with braking action reported good?

737er 8th Dec 2018 01:46


Originally Posted by Airbubba (Post 10330715)
Is a ten knot tailwind a limitation on a wet runway for the 737 with braking action reported good?

Yes, sort of, and usually granted for 10 knots tailwind down to braking action 2 (medium to poor) but could be even higher tailwind allowed...that’s the “sort of” because extremely rare exceptions granted for a particular airports. Overriding that of course is yay or nay from performance data calc which have beefy margins built in.




737er 8th Dec 2018 02:11


Originally Posted by ontheklacker (Post 10330686)
737er-
They could have got their legal landing data way before the tailwind picked up...

h)

Well of course they sent for performance ahead of time. Wind 280/11. That’s not an 11 knot tailwind component, it’s 10. So provided the other safety margins were met the performance data would come back with the speeds and stop margins. If it was an 11 knot tailwind component it would be all blanked out..... meaning ya can’t land like that so we ain’t tellin ya nothin..so ya don’t take the bait by accident.

As far as the wind picking up, tower gave them a report on fairly short final of 270/10. 10 knot tailwind component again. Which is probably why they said “perfect”, finger on the TOGA button had it been 260/11 or something. That’s the last wind info they received.

Im just trying to keep it real here regarding the specific issue of did they think they had an 11 knot tailwind component and just landed anyway. To that I’d say it’s monumentally and fantastically implausible.


KBUR 061715Z 29008KT 1SM +RA BR FEW005 BKN013 OVC031 08/08 A2993 RMK AO2 AIRCRAFT MISHAP P0026 T00830078
KBUR 061653Z 28011KT 1 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 OVC013 08/08 A2991 RMK AO2 SLP122 P0033 T00830083

tdracer 8th Dec 2018 02:12


Originally Posted by pattern_is_full (Post 10329929)
Unless airlines want to pay for their own EMAS installations at difficult airports they serve. Or threaten to stop service unless the airport pays for EMAS. Or lobby the FAA or equivalent regulators to lean on the airports to do it.

EMAS at Burbank was partly paid for by an FAA grant after the 2000 Southwest overrun.

73qanda 8th Dec 2018 10:23


Overriding that of course is yay or nay from performance data calc which have beefy margins built in.
And of course the yay or nay from the PinC.
Whether or not the margins are ‘beefy’ is a matter of opinion. The margin in this case would be around 220m if a 1500ft touchdown was made, that’s 2.8 seconds of float if the surface friction is perfect and the machine performs as advertised. If the surface friction is not as good as the performance software assumes, how many seconds float is it? 2? 1?
The FAA put out a SAFO in 2015 saying that on wet runways the beefy margins can be inadequate due to less than ideal runway surface friction ( rubber build up, water pooling in tyre tracks, surface treatment compounds etc) and they encouraged a ‘nay’ from the PinC even when ‘computer says yes’.


ManaAdaSystem 8th Dec 2018 12:42

We have 15 knots tailwind limit on our NGs. Sometimes I need to use it.


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