In a previous life I used to be one of the 'finers', for environmental matters. For a go round no noise fines were ever levied, nor were track keeping 'violations' logged, as it was always considered to be an 'abnormal' event and therefore not a normal operation. This would be regardless of an ATC or flight crew initiated go round. We used to get complaints about them, which were logged, but apart from finding the reason for the GA, no other action was taken.
As far as doing one to ensure a relaxed curfew, I can think of some mainland European airports where that would not work and the airport say 'tuff ****** off you aint landing now', Switzerland and Germany spring to mind. So I would advise caution so you don't end up using too much fuel on your 'planned' go around, and then have a fuel emergency, with all the filling forms that goes with it.
Noise abatement SIDS do work for the benefit of communities, sometimes as has been mentioned the noise may not be minimised, but the community will see the aircraft where its supposed to be
, thus keeping them happier!