Centi, some of the ISG routes were profitable, such as BER-MUC, BER-DUS which were in the " longhaul " category. Losses were made on most of the shorter routes which were subsidised from the profits made on the longer ones. Pan Am, who were operating widebodies on the BER-FRA sector, never made any gains. Most People travelling were connecting on to other airline´s long haul flights, Pan Am only got a very small portion of the total fare. Flights were always full, with long wait lists, but the income was poor. Very poor. The only airlines making big profits on German domestic routes after WW 2 were KLM, SAS, SABENA & Swissair, who, in the sense of the word, were monopolists. And they took advantage of it.