For sake of discussion let's say the weather is 3,000 and 10. Would NCT approve the procedure if the crew requested it on initial contact shortly after passing CEDES?
Typically the crew would be directed to "expect" or "join" the RVFP at a waypoint, but this isn't clearance for the approach.
Then when closer, ATC will confirm if the pilots have the airport environment / landmark / preceding aircraft in sight, before clearing them for the visual approach.
But surely the procedure would have to be FAA approved?? If it is a locally designed procedure would that limit it to US registered a/c and licensed operators?
US RVFPs are FAA approved. As aterpster mentions, one airline (the "Lead Operator") will develop the procedure and work with ATC and FAA get it approved. After approval, other airlines (including Part 129 foreign air carriers) may then request authorization to use the procedure.
After all, Air Canada is a foreign airline.
I missed the part where the pilot requested this approach.
"unless previously coordinated."
I.e., if the airline is approved for the approach, then appropriate remarks may be included in the flight plan.