The Cessna 150 is a modest, economical two place plane, with adequate handling, and decent short runway performance, better with a STOL kit installed on the wing.
The Cessna 152 is a re-engined C 150, a little faster, and more powerful, though not as good as some 150's in a shorter runway.
The C 172 is a decent two place plane, or a modest compromise as a four place. Faster than a 150/152, and more expensive to operate, but, will carry more if that's what you want to do.
There were a few modified C 152's with more power yet, and a changed propeller, they were eager aircraft, I'd be pleased to have one, but they are uncommon.
There are differences in the 172 over the decades, and what you gain one way, you lose another. I would rather an older one (pre 1962). Similarly, the 150 varied over the decades, though not as much as the 172. The 152, all of which were about the same as each other (they did not have "A"/"B"/"C" etc.), were airframe the same firewall back, as the last 150's made, 150M's. Only the flaps were different. All 150's have 40 degrees of flaps available, no 152s do, 172's come either way. For short runways, 40 flap is beneficial. There are 40 flap detractors, pay them no heed, if short runway operation is your objective.
After that, there dozens of other Cessna types, all with their own characteristics...