As a user of Birmingham I have to say I challenge the idea that their system keeps traffic flowing. Because of the one pound charge all drivers have to exit their vehicle and queue at the pay machines. During peak periods this can lead to drivers overrunning their time and having to pay substantially more. With a ticketed but free 10 minute period the traffic would flow much more efficiently. If my memory serves me right I do believe that was how it started at Brum - until they came to the conclusion that they were missing out on a fat cash cow potential! I'm voting rip-off
