There's a difference between a "visual approach" and a "Charted Visual Flight Procedure." For a visual approach the weather has to be VMC and you have to see the airport or traffic to follow. Other than that, you're on your own. If you do have to go around, you tell the tower you're going around and they tell you what to do. From paragraph 5-4-23 in the AIM -
"e. A visual approach is not an IAP and therefore has no missed approach segment. If a go around is necessary for any reason, aircraft operating at controlled airports will be issued an appropriate advisory/clearance/instruction by the tower."
CVFPs have higher weather mins based on the minimum vectoring altitude. MarcK, I don't see your "default missed approach procedure." Both the QUIET BRIDGE and TIPP TOE visual charts for SFO, along with the SEWARD and HIGHWAY visuals in ANC and the PARKWAY visual in JFK (the Canarsie) all say "No missed approach procedure" on the chart. And per paragraph 5-4-24 of the AIM, "CVFPs are not instrument approaches and do not have missed approach segments."