Scale = Chart length / Earth Length
Chart length = 83 cm
Earth length is departure = ch. long (minutes) x cos lat = 16 x 60 x cos 34°23' = 792 nm
change to centmetres : 792 x 1852 x 100 = 146,728,000 cm
Scale is 83 : 146,728,000 however should be expressed as 1 : something so divide both sides by 83. Scale is then 1 : 1,768,000.
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For scale at the equator divide the denominator of the scale (the "1,768,000" bit) by cos of the latitude.
1,768,000 / cos 34°23' = 2,142,000. Scale is 1: 2,142,000
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They are at the same latitude, rhumb-line track must be 090° or 270°. B is further East so track is 090°.
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The rhumb-line track is 090°. If you draw a diagram the great-circle track at A is greater than the rhumb-line track. The difference is conversion angle.
C.A. = 0.5 x ch.long x sin mean lat = 0.5 x 16° x sin 34°23' = 4.5°
90° + 4.5° = 94.5°
Any better answer requires diagrams, so you should contact your training povider. Best of luck!
Send Clowns
Gen Nav instructor, BCFT