1. They are in the CAR's. I won't do all your project research for you. I am sure you can find them yourself.
They state the angles, and give you the reference where to find the intensities.
2. Usual procedure is beacon on prior to Engine Start.
Day: strobes on entering rwy, ldg lights depending on traffic and company ops.
Night: nav lights on prior to taxi. Taxi lights for taxi (
) and landing lights for for take off. Strobes on entering runway and off leaving rwy.
Turbine a/c may have recognition lights under each wing (basically another landing light) these are usually turned on for take off, and off thru 10000', and on thru 10000' on descent (depends on the company). Landing and Taxi lights are often mounted on the Nosewheel (kingair) so not much good when the wheels are retracted!
Some aircraft have Logo (tail) lights. These I display at night for greater visibility. I use them for the same period of time as the strobes. I might turn them off when making a night descent into a dark place with no traffic around as the lights reflect off the tail and light up the wing which can be distracting to night vision.
N.B. it's bad airmanship to taxi around with your strobes on when clear of the runway as it blinds people (and may overheat the globes without the cooling airflow, but I am not sure about that).
3. OCTA - well it's pretty hard to use just the nav lights for separation. You'd be better off with the strobes. you can see then a long way further away and also they are brighter. The other problem with using them for separation is that the human eye cannot differentiate between a faint light close by or a bright light a long way away. Can be confusing.
4. Cannot talk about a boeing. I suggest you take a walk around your local flying school to see what lights are on 172s etc, then trawl through !!!!!!!!!!!!!! and find out what lights are on a 747.