From Annex 14, 1st Edition:
The "new" Aerodrome Reference Codes were introduced in the early 1980s if I'm not mistaken.
Regarding the new question on jurisdiction, possibly look at the Chicago Convention, Article 2:
https://www.mcgill.ca/iasl/files/ias...convention.pdf
http://www.icao.int/publications/Doc.../7300_cons.pdf
(but an answer from Korean Air Law would be more definitive for an exam).