Our understanding so far is that, despite what Annex 1 says, the PBN subject will be added to 062 across the board, not just for IR, and that national authorities will choose how it should be introduced, subject to a final 2018 date. We believe the UK CAA will ask us to choose whether we initiate it early, and that if we do they will run two parallel Radio Nav exams up to 2018, one with PBN and one without.