I can only speak for the UK however I'm guessing from some of the phrases you have used you may be referring to the USA legal system?
If not, then in the UK any offences of dishonesty are usually a bar to obtaining an airside security pass. Under the Rehabilitation of Offenders act, certain offences become "spent" after a certain period of time, which is based on the charge and the sentence given. Once the offence becomes "spent" then it is no longer discloseable under basic vetting and unless specifically asked if you have any spent convictions, then you are not obliged to disclose it.