Well what you can see might be limited by the quality of the window (some of the transparencies can be scratched) and also as you are obviously aware cabin lighting might interfere with your night vision but the answer is very much:
Yes you can.
TBH I'm fascinated as to why it's even subject for debate - why would anyone think you
cannot see them? Then again some people do have some strange ideas about this sort of thing, such thinking that in flight you have to look down to see "shooting stars"....
FWIW from the flight deck (better windows, more control over lighting) the view of stars, meteors, aurora etc can be phenomenal.