The Chinese have been very very succesful in Optical networking technology , very advanced optical engineeerign probablyas complex as the metalurgy for Jet engines but, a big BUT a much more benign failure environment , ie send a guy ina van to chaneg some cards not deal with an engine exploding at V!.
However the point is they do have very high tech processes allied to their shall we say 'design ingenuity.
A huge amount of the UK network is built on this equipment , rather foolishly in my opinion since our US ciousins have effectively banned the deployment of the same equipment on US telecoms networks after a modest percentage of contract wins buy the Chinese .
Also the idea of co production.licences. JVs are just a slippery slope to unintentional technology transfer with China , I ahve had 30 plus years dealing with them and because they take along term view on everything they usually come out on top of these activities.
So Messrs GE/RR/PW keep as much production and Rand D in your traditional homes and keep that materials technology well hidden