All the problems can be solved in the same way. The best way to solve them has already been recommended. Draw a picture.
Firstly the heading of the aircraft is irrelevant. The position of the aircraft relative to the VOR is the key element. Remember, that radials are FROM a VOR, picture a bicycle wheel, with 360 spokes coming from the centre of the wheel, these are your radials.
For Q2, with a TO flag on the instrument, you always read the radial from the bottom of the instrument. With a FROM flag you always read the radial from the top. So in this case the aircraft is situated on the 300 degree radial, in other words to the north west of the VOR. To intercept the 240 radial the aircraft has to move south, and to cut the 240 radial by 45 degrees, the maths would be subtracting 45 from 240, i.e. 195 degrees as a heading. If you drew a picture it would be simple and logical. Q3 can be solved exactly the same way.
Hope that helps.