Originally Posted by Genghis the Engineer
"Just" culture as defined in the UK and Europe most certainly allows for punishment of professionals who have made mistakes. That's why a great many of us don't like it and would prefer to see a return to the previous less satisfying, but much more wholesome "assumption of good intent".
I'm not sure what the AAIB/CAA/Civ Pol use, but the MAA use the DA FAiR model for determining culpability.
Page 38 of 46 (Ch 3 Annex C). - the easier-to-follow flowchart is on page 44 - 45 (App 2 to Annex C of Ch 3).